Abstract: Methods for testing a control unit of a vehicle. The control unit obtains calculated surrounding-area data of a simulated surround sensor, and obtains calculated motion data of a simulated vehicle. The calculated motion data are transmitted to the control unit via a simulated vehicle data bus. Using a sensor testing unit, the calculated surrounding-area data are transmitted to the control unit via a sensor-data transmission circuit different from the vehicle data bus. To execute a simulated acquisition of surrounding-area data, using the control unit, a command for executing a measurement is transmitted to the sensor testing unit, data for identifying the position of the simulated surround sensor is transmitted to the computer device, positions of points of reflection by simulated objects in the surrounding area of the vehicle are calculated and transmitted to the sensor testing unit, and calculated surrounding-area data are determined and transmitted to the control unit.

Abstract: Embodiments relate to stents for supporting an airway or other duct or plenum. The stents can be rapidly customized and inserted into the airway, obviating the need for subsequent intubation or for invasive procedures.

Abstract: Embodiments relate to stents for supporting an airway or other duct or plenum. The stents can be rapidly customized and inserted into the airway, obviating the need for subsequent intubation or for invasive procedures.

Abstract: The invention relates to novel crystalline hydrate, amorphous and crystalline polymorphic forms of 2-[4-(4-Fluoro-benzyl)-piperidine-1-yl]-2-oxo-N-(2-oxo-2,3-dihydro-benzoxazole-6-yl)-acetamide (I) (radiprodil). Processes for the preparation of these forms, compositions containing these forms, and methods of use thereof are also described.

Abstract: A Process is disclosed for preparing a compound of the Formula (I) which comprises the steps of: (a) detritylating a compound of the Formula (III)  with 0.1 to 1 equivalent of potassium hydroxide in a C1 to C4 straight chain alcohol solvent to obtain a reaction mixture containing the compound of the Formula (I), (b) changing the C1 to C4 straight chain alcohol solvent in the reaction mixture to an aprotic solvent or a weakly protic solvent, and (c) following step (b) crystallizing out the compound of the Formula (I) from the reaction mixture.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for the preparation of compounds of the formula (I), which compounds are useful as intermediates for the preparation of paroxetine of formula(V).

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the synthesis of losartan potassium of formula (I), chemical name: 2-n-butyl-4-chloro-1-[(2′-(tetrazol-5-yl)-1,1′biphenyl-4-yl)-methyl]-imidazol-5-methanol potassium, starting from 2-n-butyl-4-chloro-1-[(2′-(2-triphenylmetyl-2H-tetrazol-5-yl)-1,1′-biphenyl-4-yl)-methyl]-1H-imidazol-4-methanol of formula (III). According to the process the compound of formula (III) is reacted in an alcohol of formula (VI),—wherein the meaning of R is C1-C4 straight chain alkyl group—with 0.1-1 equivalent of potassium hydroxide. The final product of formula (I) is isolated after crystallizing out by changing the solvent to an aprotic or weakly protic solvent (I).

Abstract: New intermediate compounds are disclosed of the formula I, ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are independently alkyl having 1 to 4 carbon atoms,or acid-addition salts thereof of formula Ib, ##STR2## wherein X represents an acid residue, and a process for the preparation of the intermediate compounds.

Abstract: The invention relates to a new process for preparing 6-amino-1,2-dihydro-1-hydroxy-2-imino-4-piperidinopyrimidine of the formula (I), ##STR1## which comprises reacting a pyrimidine derivative of the general formula (II), ##STR2## wherein R.sub.1 stantds for hydrogen or a ##STR3## group, wherein R means a C.sub.1-6 alkyl group or an aryl group optionally substituted by halogen;R.sub.2 stands for a hydroxyl group or an ##STR4## group, wherein R is as defined above; andX represents chlorine or bromine or an optionally mono- or polysubstituted arenesulfonyloxy group,with the proviso that R.sub.2 is different from a hydroxyl group when R.sub.1 stands for hydrogen, with piperidine and hydrolyzing, optionally after isolation, the thus-obtained 4-piperidino derivative of the general formula (III), ##STR5## wherein R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are as defined above.

Abstract: A pyrimidine derivative of the formulae (Ia), (Ib) and (Ic), ##STR1## wherein R stands for an alkyl group group with 1 to 6 carbon atoms or an aryl group optionally substituted by halogen atom; andX stands for chlorine or bromine atom or an arylsulfonyloxy group optionally substituted by 1 to 3 lower alkyl groups.The subject pyrimidine derivatives are intermediates for preparing 6-amino-1,2-dihydro-1-hydroxy-2-imino-4-piperidinopyrimidine.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for the preparation of racemic cis or trans apovincaminic acid esters of the formula (I) ##STR1## and the corresponding optically active derivatives of the formulae (Ia) ##STR2## wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are identical or different alkyl groups having 1 to 6 carbon atoms. Apovincaminic acid alkyl esters are well-known vasodilating compounds.

Abstract: The invention relates to a new process for the preparation of apovincaminic acid esters. More particularly, the invention concerns a process for preparing racemic and optionally active vincaminic acid esters of the formula (I) ##STR1## in which R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 independently stand for alkyl having from one to 6 carbon atoms, and 14-epimers thereof.According to the invention an octahydroindolo[2,3-a]quinolizine-oxime ester of the formula (II) ##STR2## in which R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 have the same meaning as defined above, is reacted with an aqueous solution of sulfurous acid or a salt thereof at a temperature of 80.degree. to 110.degree. C. and the 14-epimeric mixture obtained is epimerized or separated in a known manner and if desired, the racemic vincaminic acid esters are resolved.

Abstract: The invention relates to a new process for the preparation of eburnamonine derivatives of the general Formula I ##STR1## (wherein R.sup.1 is an alkyl group having 1-6 carbon atoms) and optical and geometrical isomers thereof which comprises reacting a hydroxyimino-octahydro-indolo[2,3-a]quinolizine derivative of the general Formula II ##STR2## (wherein R.sup.1 is as stated above and R.sup.2 stands for an alkyl group having 1-6 carbon atoms being identical with or different from R.sup.1, or a hydrogen atom) or an acid addition salt thereof in an organic protic solvent or solvent mixture with an inorganic base, optionally under the addition of water or an aqueous mineral acid, at a temperature between 60.degree. C. and 200.degree. C.The compounds of the present invention are known drugs having blood pressure decreasing and cerebral vasodilatatory effect.

Abstract: The invention relates to a new enantioselective synthesis for the preparation of optically active 14-oxo-E-homo-eburnane derivatives of the formula (Ia) ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 is alkyl having from 1 to 4 carbon atom. In the synthesis optically active 6-alkoxycarbonylhexahydroindoloquinolizinium salts are employed as starting materials, which contain a center of chirality at the site of attachment of the carboxyl group. This center of chirality preserves the optical activity of the optically active tryptophan ester from which this compound has been prepared until a new center of chirality is formed in the molecule in a configuration corresponding to the desired end product. The carboxyl group, which is not needed in the end product and only serves to preserving the optical activity can then be eliminated.Compounds of the formula (Ia) are known in the art and may be used in the synthesis of (+)-vincamine and (+)-apovincaminic acid ethylester.