Abstract: A method determines a potential of an anode and/or a potential of a cathode in a battery cell. The method measures a current flowing through the battery cell, determines a charge transfer resistance of the battery cell, ascertains a charge transfer resistance of the anode and a charge transfer resistance of the cathode, ascertains a depth of discharge, ascertains an anode residual voltage and a cathode residual voltage from the depth of discharge from an idle voltage, ascertains an anode excess potential from the charge transfer resistance of the anode and the current and ascertains a cathode excess potential from the charge transfer resistance of the cathode and the current. The method ascertains the potential of the anode from the anode residual voltage and the anode excess potential and ascertains the potential of the cathode from the cathode residual potential and the cathode excess potential.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for minimizing cell aging of a battery (1) and/or a battery (1) comprising an apparatus for minimizing cell aging of the battery (1). For this the following is performed: detection of battery parameters which describe the present state of the battery (1); checking, on the basis of a preset aging model and the battery parameters, whether the state of the battery (1) is an aging state in which the cell aging of the battery (1) is less pronounced in the case of cyclic charging or discharging than in a quiescent state in which there is no charging or discharging of the battery (1); and cyclic partial discharging and partial charging of the battery (1) if the battery (1) is in such an aging state. The method according to the invention and/or the battery (1) according to the invention are characterized by reduced cell aging. This means that such a battery (1) and/or a battery (1) to which the method is applied has an extended life.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for operating a battery unit comprising at least two series-connected battery cells, wherein a discharge process of at least one battery cell is carried out via a connectable discharge resistor in order to equalize states of charge of the battery cells. According to the invention, the value of the discharge resistance is ascertained during the discharge process of the at least one battery cell, and the previously ascertained value of the discharge resistance is taken into account during a subsequent discharge process of the battery cell.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method and to a battery management system which are suitable for determining an open-circuit voltage profile (3) of a vehicle battery, dependent on a state of charge, in a vehicle. In this context, the following occur: complete discharging (S1) of the vehicle battery by vehicle-internal loads of the vehicle, sensing (S2) of a first sensed, state-of-charge-dependent voltage profile (1) during the discharging (S1) of the vehicle battery, complete charging (S3) of the vehicle battery by a charging device, sensing (S4) of a second sensed state-of-charge-dependent voltage profile (2) during the charging (S3) of the vehicle battery, and determination (S5) of the state-of-charge-dependent open-circuit voltage profile (3) by means of a weighted interpolation of the first sensed voltage profile (1) and of the second sensed voltage profile (2).

Abstract: The disclosure relates to a method for balancing out states of charge of a battery which has a number of N battery cells. In order to balance out the individual states of charge (SOCn) of the n=1 to N cells, the state of charge of at least one cell is changed to a target state of charge (SOCtarget,n) which depends on the discharge depth (DODk) of the cell having the lowest capacity (Capk) according to the equation SOCtarget,n=1?DODk/Capn, Capn being the capacity of the nth cell to be changed. Advantageously, the method is suitable for optimizing the voltage or the energy content of a battery that is constituted of a plurality of cells.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for determining a potential (P1) of an anode (21) and/or a potential (P2) of a cathode (22) in a battery cell (2) which has a negative terminal (11) and a positive terminal (12), having the following steps:—measuring a current (I) flowing through the battery cell (2),—determining a charge transfer resistance of the battery cell (2),—ascertaining a charge transfer resistance (Rct1) of the anode (21) and/or a charge transfer resistance (Rct2) of the cathode (22) from the charge transfer resistance,—ascertaining an idle voltage of the battery cell (2),—ascertaining a depth of discharge of the battery cell (2) from the idle voltage,—ascertaining an anode residual voltage (U1) and/or a cathode residual voltage (U2) from the depth of discharge of the battery cell (2),—ascertaining an anode excess potential (N1) from the charge transfer resistance (Rct1) of the anode (21) and the current (I) and/or ascertaining a cathode excess potential (N2) from the charge Rct2 transfer resistance

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for operating a battery unit comprising at least two series-connected battery cells, wherein a discharge process of at least one battery cell is carried out via a connectable discharge resistor in order to equalize states of charge of the battery cells. According to the invention, the value of the discharge resistance is ascertained during the discharge process of the at least one battery cell, and the previously ascertained value of the discharge resistance is taken into account during a subsequent discharge process of the battery cell.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for operating a battery system, wherein the battery system comprises a battery which is operable using an operating parameter, wherein the method has the following method steps: a) defined operating of the battery using a predefined variable of the operating parameter in such a way that b) at least one of the duration of the operation of the battery using the predefined variable of the operating parameter and the variable of the operating parameter is selected based on a load criterion, wherein c) the load criterion is determined for maintaining a future predetermined aging progression of the battery, wherein the aging progression is based on a load of the battery by the operating parameter. A previously described method enables the operation of a battery with a particularly high performance, for example, with a particularly high capacity, in a simultaneously safe operating mode.

Abstract: A method for cell balancing for a plurality of battery cells. Such a method involves the cell balancing being performed on the basis of a need that can be ascertained comparatively accurately. The method described above allows equalization of the states of charge, or cell balancing, based on the state of charge of the battery cells to be made possible, even without knowledge of the capacities of the in particular series-connected battery cells, such that the loss of charge as a result of the cell balancing is particularly low. Hence, a loss of charge as a result of unnecessary equalization of the charge can be prevented or at least significantly reduced.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to a method for determining at least one state of a plurality of spatially combined battery cells connected to each other by circuitry. The state is determined by observing battery cells by means of at least one observer structure. A subset of a plurality of battery cells is observed and the state derived from the observation is determined for more battery cells than for the observed battery cells. The disclosure further relates to a battery comprising a battery management system, which is configured such that the method according to the disclosure can be carried out thereby. The disclosure also relates to a motor vehicle comprising a battery according to the disclosure.

Abstract: A method for initializing and operating a battery management system is disclosed. The method comprises the following steps. First, start the battery management system. Next, read battery variables which are stored in a nonvolatile memory of the battery and comprise the last state of charge of the battery. Then measure the open-circuit voltage of the battery. Next, determine an instantaneous state of charge value on the basis of the measured open-circuit voltage. Then determine an estimated value of the state of charge of the battery as a function of both the stored last state of charge of the battery and the instantaneous state of charge value. Then initialize the state of charge in the battery management system using the determined estimated value of the state of charge. Finally, operate the battery management system with the initialized values.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for estimating an electrical capacitance of a battery, in particular, of an electrically drivable vehicle, comprising the steps: detecting of battery-specific state data; determining of a first value for the electrical capacitance by using an estimation algorithm and the battery-specific state data or by a measurement of the electrical capacitance; determining of a second value for the electrical capacitance by using an empirical aging model of the battery and the battery-specific state data; determining of a first weighted value for the electrical capacitance by multiplying the first value for the electrical capacitance by a first weighting factor; determining of a second weighted value for the electrical capacitance by multiplying the second value for the electrical capacitance by a second weighting factor; determining of a value sum by adding the weighted values for the electrical capacitance; determining of a weighting sum by adding the weighting factors; and determining

Abstract: A vehicle seat has a basic structure, a backrest support which is articulated on the basic structure in a lockable manner by at least one fitting, a backrest structure a backrest that has the backrest support and the backrest structure, the backrest being movable in relation to the basic structure by a kinematic system in order to transfer the vehicle seat from at least one use position, in which it can be sat on, into an out-of-use position or into a further use position and back again. A four-bar linkage temporarily exists the four-bar linkage controlling the kinematic system.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for determining the capacity of a battery cell. A battery cell current I is measured during a measurement period, and an open terminal voltage UOCV1,UOCV2 of the battery cell is measured at the beginning and end of the measuring period. The method has the steps of ascertaining a total battery cell current Iges from the measured battery cell current I, ascertaining charge states SOC1, SOC2 at the beginning and end of the measurement period using the measured open terminal voltage UOCV1,UOCV2, ascertaining an estimated value of the capacity Qest using the total battery cell current Iges and a difference between the charge states SOC1, SOC2, ascertaining a total measurement error of the estimated value of the capacity Qest from measurement errors of the total battery cell current Iges and the charge states SOC1, SOC2, and ascertaining a new value of the capacity Qnew using a known value of the capacity Qact, the estimated value of the capacity Q, and the total measurement error.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for equalising state of charge in a battery that has a plurality of battery units (2-1, 2-2). This involves provision for a state of charge value for at least one battery unit (2-1, 2-2) to be ascertained, a decision value concerning whether a prior state of charge value for the at least one battery unit (2-1, 2-2) can be updated to be ascertained, the prior state of charge value for the at least one battery unit (2-1, 2-2) to be updated in order to obtain a present state of charge value for the at least one battery unit (2-1, 2-2) if the decision value concerning whether the prior state of charge value for the at least one battery unit (2-1, 2-2) can be updated exceeds a threshold value, a state of charge equalisation requirement value to be ascertained on the basis of the present state of charge value and the at least one battery unit (2-1, 2-2) to be discharged on the basis of the ascertained state of charge equalisation requirement value.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to a method for ascertaining permissible operating parameters of a battery. For this purpose, operating parameters of the battery are measured, and further relevant operating parameters of the battery are determined from the measured operating parameters. Furthermore, at least one of the determined operating parameters is compared with a predefined comparison range. If the at least one operating parameter lies within the predefined comparison range, the permissible operating range of the at least one operating parameter is determined using a mathematical model of the battery. However, if the at least one battery parameter lies outside the predefined comparison range, the permissible operating range of the at least one operating parameter is determined using previously stored battery data.

Abstract: A method for enhancing a battery management system for determining at least one limit value for a first characteristic variable of a battery. The method includes measuring different values of a further characteristic variable for predetermined values of the first characteristic variable in order to determine limit values of the further characteristic variable for charging and/or discharging the battery for the predetermined values of the first characteristic variable, with the result that battery discharging or charging corresponding to the limit values does not result in a battery voltage outside a permissible battery voltage range if the battery has that predetermined value of the characteristic variable which is associated with the respective limit value. The method further includes determining charging and/or discharging limit values of the characteristic variable for predetermined values of the further characteristic variable using the determined charging and/or discharging limit values.

Abstract: A device comprises a battery having a multiplicity of battery cells and a sensor system for the redundant determination of a battery current flowing through the poles of the battery. The sensor system comprises a current measuring device for detecting the battery current and providing a current measurement value. Furthermore, the device comprises a voltage measuring device for separately detecting a variation with time of the single-cell voltage of at least one battery cell and providing at least one variation with time of a voltage measurement value. Furthermore, the device comprises an evaluating unit which is configured for determining the battery current from the at least one variation with time of the voltage measurement value, providing a corresponding current value and comparing the current value with the current measurement value.

Abstract: In a method for determining the state of charge of an electrical accumulator, individual cell voltages are recorded, and the highest and/or the lowest individual cell voltage is ascertained. A present maximum charge and/or a present minimum charge of the appertaining accumulator cell is determined using a characteristic curve and the highest and/or the lowest individual cell voltage.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method and to a battery management system which are suitable for determining an open-circuit voltage profile (3) of a vehicle battery, dependent on a state of charge, in a vehicle. In this context, the following occur: complete discharging (S1) of the vehicle battery by vehicle-internal loads of the vehicle, sensing (S2) of a first sensed, state-of-charge-dependent voltage profile (1) during the discharging (S1) of the vehicle battery, complete charging (S3) of the vehicle battery by a charging device, sensing (S4) of a second sensed state-of-charge-dependent voltage profile (2) during the charging (S3) of the vehicle battery, and determination (S5) of the state-of-charge-dependent open-circuit voltage profile (3) by means of a weighted interpolation of the first sensed voltage profile (1) and of the second sensed voltage profile (2).