Abstract: An optical fiber comprises a singlemode core, and an inner cladding disposed around said core, an intermediate cladding disposed around said inner cladding and an outer cladding disposed around said intermediate cladding thereby forming a triple-clad geometry. The core is doped with rare-earth elements and represents the waveguide section of higher refractive index through which the signal is transmitted and amplified. A fiber coating is provided around said outer cladding. The core has a higher refractive index than said inner cladding, said inner cladding having a higher refractive index than said intermediate cladding, and said intermediate cladding having a higher refractive index than said outer cladding. The inner cladding has a fairly high refractive index to limit the numerical aperture (NA) of said core.

Abstract: A novel composition for the treatment of skin and body infections, including rashes, blisters, sore throats, and fungal invasions, that is useful for topical application to the skin and throat and also for ingestion. Vinegar, baking soda, and wintergreen mint comprise its main active ingredients. It is a suitable alternative to prescription and over-the-counter remedies that are based on harmful substances such as steroids and phenols. Additional ingredients include mints, sweeteners, and flavorings, which together relieve the symptoms and eliminate the cause of skin and body infections.

Abstract: A heater mat for using the Joule effect to heat an aerodynamic surface. The heater mat is provided with a resistor element including at least two substantially parallel segments of electrically-conductive fibers disposed on the aerodynamic surface. The segments come from a single strip of electrically-conductive fibers, with two adjacent segments being obtained by folding a portion of the single strip at least twice.

Abstract: The invention concerns a method for producing a complex nonwoven fabric which consists in continuously producing a complex wherein a first web of a cellulosic fibres is continuously sandwiched between two webs of spunbonded filaments, and which consists in: producing a first web of spunbonded filaments, the bundle of extruded and drawn filaments being received on a mobile conveyor belt in the form of a non-bonded lap; depositing on said web by airlaid process a second web of cellulosic fibres; depositing on the textile web a second web of non-bonded continuous filaments; transferring the resulting complex onto an installation for water-jet bonding and hydro-entanglement consolidation; and in drying the nonwoven mixed product and then recuperating it, for example in the form of a cloth wind-up.

Abstract: A method and apparatus applies a variety of session based watermarks in real-time to content that is streamed from a server towards a client. The invention employs content where differing targeted portions are selectively encrypted, such that other portions remain in the clear (unencrypted). Session information, such as an intended client, end-user, operator of a content server, content owner, and the like, may be used to generate the various watermarks. The watermarks may also be digitally signed and/or encrypted. The watermarks may be applied to the portions of the clear content as the content is streamed towards the client. In one embodiment, a bridge server is configured to modify packets of streaming media data files with the variety of watermarks. In another embodiment, the content server for the streaming media data includes a plug-in component that dynamically modifies the packets of streaming media data files with the variety of watermarks.

Abstract: Apparatus for demodulation of a signal which is frequency-modulated with a data symbol sequence {dk}, having a zero crossing detector (1), a generator (2) for production of a sequence {zi}, with zi being calculated from zero crossings ti and ti+1, and having a unit (3) for reconstruction of the data symbol sequence {dk}, which is characterized by a minimum Euclidean distance between the sequence {zi} and an auxiliary sequence, with each sequence element in the auxiliary sequence being formed from convolution of the data symbol sequence {dk} with a sequence {hi,k} relating to the index k, and with the sequences {hi,k} being functions of the times ti.

Abstract: An intake arrangement (1) for a two-stroke engine includes an intake channel (2) in which a throttle flap (3) is pivotally journalled with a throttle shaft (4). Downstream of the throttle flap (3), a partition wall (8) is mounted on the intake channel (2) and this partition wall partitions the intake channel (2) into an air channel (6) and a mixture channel (7). In the idle position (5) of the throttle flap (3), at least one fuel opening (14) opens into the mixture channel (7) downstream of the throttle flap (3). A connecting opening (16) between the air channel (6) and the mixture channel (7) is provided between the partition wall (8) and the throttle shaft (4) in the idle position (5) of the throttle flap (3). A shield (20, 30) is mounted in the mixture channel (7) between the fuel opening (14) and the connecting opening (16) in order to achieve a good swing performance of the two-stroke engine.

Abstract: An alignment system for a lithographic apparatus has a source of alignment radiation; a detection system that has a first detector channel and a second detector channel; and a position determining unit in communication with the detection system. The position determining unit is constructed to process information from said first and second detector channels in a combination to determine a position of an alignment mark on a work piece, the combination taking into account a manufacturing process of the work piece. A lithographic apparatus has the above mentioned alignment system. Methods of alignment and manufacturing devices with a lithographic apparatus use the above alignment system and lithographic apparatus, respectively.

Abstract: A laryngoscope with a detachable camera, the system providing illuminating light to and images of the area ahead of the laryngoscope to facilitate insertion of the laryngoscope without damage to the surrounding tissue, the system including a keyed attaching device for facilitating attachment of camera and laryngoscope in a correct orientation.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for multi-rate encoding of video sequences. The input data stream is received at a first bit rate. A domain transformation is performed on the input data and the transformed data is encoded into a series of output data streams each with a different bit rate.

Abstract: Methods and systems are disclosed that allow an adjustment of a product parameter, such as operating speed, of a circuit element, such as a field effect transistor, during the fabrication of the device. A manufacturing process downstream of a first controlled process is controlled by a superior control scheme in response to the measurement data of the first and second processes and on the basis of a sensitivity function, which describes the effect a variation of the product parameter generates in the measurement data. The superior control scheme may provide a compensated target value for the downstream process.

Abstract: A data recording disk drive has damping plates with nonplanar surfaces for reducing flow-induced, out-of-plane vibration of the disks. The nonplanar damping plates reduce spindle motor torque, as compared with planar damping plates, while reducing the turbulent intensity. Each damping plate has a nonplanar surface that results in spacing between the plate surface and its associated disk surface that varies in the radial direction. The nonplanar surface may be a pattern of surface irregularities or features that may be arranged in concentric patterns, such as a pattern of concentric grooves, depressions or protuberances. The nonplanar surface may be shaped as a section of a conic surface so that in the radial direction the spacing between the damping plate surface and its associated disk surface varies linearly. For the disk surfaces facing the top and bottom of the disk housing, the nonplanar surfaces are applied to the top and bottom of the disk housing.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a case or box for storage of compact discs, card discs, DVDs or the like (collectively referred to as “discs”) and methods, and is more particularly concerned with a closing mechanism and includes a stacking, storing or filing means. To attain these ends, the present invention generally comprises a case for storing at least one disc having two covers separaable from one another, at least one cover comprises a recess and a central engaging means for removably receiving a disc, and an attachment means for magnetically attaching said two covers to one another. In a second aspect of the present invention, there is provided a case for storing two discs, said case comprising two covers separatable from one another, each cover comprising a recess and a central engaging means for removably receiving one of the discs, and an attachment means for magnetically attaching said two covers to one another.

Abstract: The invention provides a multi-clad fiber, with three claddings or more, where at least one intermediate cladding is inserted between an inner core and an outer core of the multi-clad fiber, for enlarging the cross-section of the fiber core or for increasing the dopant density in the core. The invention also provides an intermediate cladding having a multi-layer structure to better confine the pump power in a suitable pumping region of the fiber.

Abstract: An exhaust gas flow management assembly for an exhaust gas recirculation system including an intake conduit, an exhaust conduit in fluid communication with the intake conduit, and a closing member. The intake conduit includes an inner surface defining a fluid passageway and a recirculation opening in the inner surface. The closing member is movably mounted in the fluid passageway and has a first position where the closing member blocks fluid communication between the intake conduit and the exhaust conduit, and a second position where the closing member extends into the fluid passageway of the intake conduit at an angle relative to a plane including the recirculation opening and opens fluid communication between the intake conduit and the exhaust conduit.

Abstract: The tongue material (2) is shaped, in a hot state, immediately after the extrusion thereof, preferably by means of a gear wheel acting upon the tongue material. The tongue material (4) is preferably longitudinally drawn after cooling below the solidification point thereof, with preferably a doubling in length. The final tongue profile (7) is thus achieved which displays a higher stiffness due to the stretching and may be adjusted to length or cut to length. The tongue (7), produced in the above manner, is finally mounted on the base body (8) of the drawn seal (1) by a spray application and forms the final drawn seal (1), together with the sealing body, also preferably mounted to the base body (8) by a spray application. The above is characterized not only by the good stability, but by the adjustable length of the tongue (7) and also a high security on manipulation. The final drawn seal (1) cannot be cut and resealed after installation, without leaving traces on the object to be sealed.

Abstract: Techniques are shown in which substrates having a first layer of a first material and second layer of a second material, wherein the second material is less noble than the first material, is provided by bonding the first and second layers together with an amorphous layer interposed there between. The amorphous material may be deposited on a bonding face of the first layer, second layer, or both, before the operation of bonding the first and second layers. The layer with less noble material may be a supporting layer and the other layer may be an active layer for forming components in optics, electronics, or opto-electronics. The amorphous layer may be polished before the bonding operation.

Abstract: A removable flat flexible disabling insert is disposed between interengaging members which are provided for registry with one another in opposed displaceable surface portions of adjustable shell portions of an adjustable helmet. The disabling insert prevents interengagement of the interengaging members but permits adjustable displacement of the shell portions. The disabling insert, when removed, permits engagement of the interengaging members. Particularly, but not exclusively, the insert is used with a hockey helmet having front and back adjustable shell portions.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for producing a fruit product from a fruit, the fruit including soluble fruit components. The method for producing a fruit product, the fruit product including soluble fruit components, extracts a desired amount of the soluble fruit components from the fruit and infuses the extracted fruit with an infusion liquid having an amount of sugar and an amount of soluble fruit components, the amount of soluble fruit components formulated to diffuse a predetermined amount of the soluble fruit components remaining in the extracted fruit into the infusion liquid.

Abstract: A method of fabricating a tag includes the steps of applying a first patterned adhesive to the surface of the substrate and applying a first electrically conductive foil to the first patterned adhesive. A portion of the first electrically conductive foil not adhered to the first patterned adhesive is removed and a second patterned adhesive is applied to a portion of a surface area of the tag. A preformed second electrically conductive foil is applied to the second patterned adhesive to adhere the second electrically conductive foil to the surface of the substrate and portions of the first and second electrically conductive foils are electrically coupled to each other to form a tag circuit. A second patterned adhesive can be disposed between the first and second electrically conductive foils.