Abstract: A photovoltaic device is described, the device comprising a transparent conducting electrode layer; a back contact layer comprising at least one MXene material; and an active layer, comprising a photovoltaic active material, disposed between the transparent conducting electrode layer and the back contact layer. Also described is a method of producing a photovoltaic device, the method comprising the steps of providing substrate, depositing a transparent conducting electrode over the substrate; depositing an active layer comprising a photovoltaic material over the transparent conducting electrode; and depositing an MXene layer material over the active layer. A method of generating electricity using the disclosed device is also described.

Abstract: A doped organic semiconductor is produced using the method of providing an organic semiconductor solution, contacting the organic semiconductor solution with CO2; and irradiating the organic semiconductor solution with ultraviolet light. A composition is described, the composition comprising an organic semiconductor; and a metal salt having the formula M+X? wherein X? is a monoanionic species; and wherein the ratio of M+ to X? in the hole transport material is less than about 1.00. An additional composition is described, the composition comprising an organic semiconductor; a metal salt having the formula M+X? wherein X? is a monoanionic species; and a metal carbonate; wherein the total metal content of the composition is approximately equal to the X? content of the composition.

Abstract: A composition comprising a graphitic carbon nitride material and a conductive carbon material coating may be used in electrodes or in batteries such as sodium ion batteries. The composition may be prepared using a method comprising the steps of providing a nitrogenous compound; adding a carbonaceous material to the nitrogenous compound to form a slurry; drying the slurry to form a coated mixture; and carbonizing the coated mixture.

Abstract: A method is provided. A first layer is provided over a substrate, the first layer comprising a first material. A patterned second layer is applied over the first layer via stamping. The second layer comprising a second material. The second layer covers a first portion of the first layer, and does not cover a second portion of the first layer. The second portion of the first layer is removed via a subtractive process while the first portion of the first layer is protected from removal by the patterned second layer.

Abstract: A class of materials has advantageous utility in electrocatalytic applications, e.g., fuel cells. The materials circumvent conventional Pt-based anode poisoning and the agglomeration/dissolution of supported catalysts during long-term operation by exploiting the unique physical and chemical properties of bulk metallic glass to create nanowires for electrocatalytic applications, e.g., fuel cell and battery applications. These amorphous metals can achieve unusual geometries and shapes along multiple length scales. The absence of crystallites, grain boundaries and dislocations in the amorphous structure of bulk metallic glasses results in a homogeneous and isotropic material down to the atomic scale, which displays very high strength, hardness, elastic strain limit and corrosion resistance. The melting temperatures of the disclosed bulk metallic glasses are much lower than the estimated melting temperatures based on interpolation of the alloy constituents making them attractive as highly malleable materials.

Abstract: A class of materials has advantageous utility in electrocatalytic applications, e.g., fuel cells. The materials circumvent conventional Pt-based anode poisoning and the agglomeration/dissolution of supported catalysts during long-term operation by exploiting the unique physical and chemical properties of bulk metallic glass to create nanowires for electrocatalytic applications, e.g., fuel cell and battery applications. These amorphous metals can achieve unusual geometries and shapes along multiple length scales. The absence of crystallites, grain boundaries and dislocations in the amorphous structure of bulk metallic glasses results in a homogeneous and isotropic material down to the atomic scale, which displays very high strength, hardness, elastic strain limit and corrosion resistance. The melting temperatures of the disclosed bulk metallic glasses are much lower than the estimated melting temperatures based on interpolation of the alloy constituents making them attractive as highly malleable materials.

Abstract: A method is provided. A first layer is provided over a substrate, the first layer comprising a first material. A patterned second layer is applied over the first layer via stamping. The second layer comprising a second material. The second layer covers a first portion of the first layer, and does not cover a second portion of the first layer. The second portion of the first layer is removed via a subtractive process while the first portion of the first layer is protected from removal by the patterned second layer.

Abstract: A method of using inkjet printing (IJP) to deposit catalyst materials onto substrates such as gas diffusion layers (GDLs) that in one application are made into membrane electrode assemblies (MEAs) for polymer electrolyte fuel cells (PEMFC). The inventive IJP method can deposit smaller volumes of water-based catalyst ink solutions with picoliter precision. By optimizing the dispersion of the ink solution, this technique can be used with catalysts supported on different specimens of carbon black.

Abstract: Nanoimprint lithography (NIL) method to fabricate electrodes with high specific Pt surface areas that can be used in fuel cell devices. The Pt catalyst structures were found to have electrochemical active surface areas (EAS) ranging from 0.8 to 1.5 m2g?1 Pt. These NIL catalyst structures include fuel cell membrane electrode assemblies (MEA) that are prepared by directly embossing a Nafion membrane. The features of the mold were transferred to the Nafion® and a thin film of Pt was deposited at a wide angle to form the anode catalyst layer. The resulting MEA yielded a Pt utilization of 15,375 mW mg?1 Pt compared to conventionally prepared MEAs (820 mW mg?1 Pt).