Abstract: In general, one aspect disclosed features a process for degumming of lipid-containing compounds for fuel feedstock, the process comprising; receiving a lipid-containing compound (LCC); degumming the LCC using at least one acid in an acid degumming stage to produce a partially-degummed LCC; and degumming the partially-degummed LCC using at least one chelate in a chelate degumming stage to produce a degummed LCC.

Abstract: In general, one aspect disclosed features a product produced by a process for degumming a lipid-containing compound (LCC) for fuel feedstock, the process comprising; receiving a LCC; degumming the LCC using at least one acid in an acid degumming stage to produce a partially-degummed LCC; and degumming the partially-degummed LCC using at least one chelate in a chelate degumming stage to produce a degummed LCC.

Abstract: In general, one aspect disclosed features a process for treating a lipid containing compound (LCC), the process comprising: producing a first mixture having a pH lower than 2 by vigorously mixing an acid with the LCC; and producing a second mixture having a pH between 2.5 and 7 by adding a base to the first mixture, wherein a majority of free fatty acid in the second mixture is not converted into soapstock.

Abstract: In general, one aspect disclosed features a process for treating a lipid containing compound (LCC), the process comprising: producing a first mixture by mixing an aqueous chelate with the LCC, wherein the aqueous chelate comprises Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), and wherein the LCC is a rendered fat; and separating an aqueous gum containing phase of the first mixture from a lipid containing phase of the first mixture.

Abstract: In general, one aspect disclosed features a product produced by a process for treating a lipid containing compound (LCC), the process comprising: producing a first mixture by mixing an aqueous chelate with the LCC, wherein the aqueous chelate comprises Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), and wherein the LCC is a rendered fat; and separating an aqueous gum containing phase of the first mixture from a lipid containing phase of the first mixture.

Abstract: In general, one aspect disclosed features a product produced by a process for treating a lipid containing compound (LCC), the process comprising: producing a first mixture having a pH lower than 2 by vigorously mixing an acid with the LCC; and producing a second mixture having a pH between 2.5 and 7 by adding a base to the first mixture, wherein a majority of free fatty acid in the second mixture is not converted into soapstock.

Abstract: A process and system for the conversion of biomass under high severity in the presence of a catalyst to produce a bio-oil, olefins, methane, and carbon monoxide (CO). The methane and/or CO can be used to generate hydrogen and the generated hydrogen can be used for hydrotreating the bio-oil. Additionally, or alternatively, a syngas stream, a carbon dioxide-rich stream, and/or a methane-rich stream can be recovered for use in the bio-oil production process and/or for use in a conventional petroleum refinery and/or petrochemical plant.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for biomass conversion in a catalytic pyrolysis reactor to convert such to liquid hydrocarbons which includes conditions which favor increased olefin production; wherein the olefins are then upgraded alone or with the produced bio-oil to fuel range hydrocarbons.

Abstract: A process and system for the conversion of biomass under high severity in the presence of a catalyst to produce a bio-oil, olefins, methane, and carbon monoxide (CO). The methane and/or CO can be used to generate hydrogen and the generated hydrogen can be used for hydrotreating the bio-oil. Additionally, or alternatively, a syngas stream, a carbon dioxide-rich stream, and/or a methane-rich stream can be recovered for use in the bio-oil production process and/or for use in a conventional petroleum refinery and/or petrochemical plant.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for biomass conversion in a catalytic pyrolysis reactor to convert such to liquid hydrocarbons which includes conditions which favor increased olefin production; wherein the olefins are then upgraded alone or with the produced bio-oil to fuel range hydrocarbons.

Abstract: The present invention relates to multi-polymer-coated magnetic nanoclusters, aqueous magnetic fluids comprising same, and methods of their use in separation procedures. The multi-polymer-coated magnetic nanoclusters comprise a super paramagnetic core, with a first polymer attached thereto, which does not render the first polymer-super paramagnetic particle complex colloidally stable, and a second polymer attached thereto, which stabilizes the complex of multi-polymer-coated magnetic nanoparticles. Methods of use comprise methods of separation, including separation of expressed protein from cells and viruses expressing the same.

Abstract: The present invention relates to multi-polymer-coated magnetic nanoclusters, aqueous magnetic fluids comprising same, and methods of their use in separation procedures. The multi-polymer-coated magnetic nanoclusters comprise a super paramagnetic core, with a first polymer attached thereto, which does not render the first polymer-super paramagnetic particle complex colloidally stable, and a second polymer attached thereto, which stabilizes the complex of multi-polymer-coated magnetic nanoparticles. Methods of use comprise methods of separation, including separation of expressed protein from cells and viruses expressing the same.