Abstract: A sulfurized alkaline earth metal (e.g., calcium) dodecylphenate is prepared by reacting (i) dodecylphenol with (ii) calcium hydroxide or calcium oxide in an amount of about 0.3 to about 0.7 moles per mole of dodecylphenol charged and (iii) an alkylene glycol in an amount of about 0.13 to about 0.6 moles per mole of dodecylphenol charged; and reacting the product of the first step with sulfur in an amount of about 1.6 to about 3 moles per mole of dodecylphenol charged; and thereafter optionally reacting the product with additional calcium hydroxide or calcium oxide and with carbon dioxide so as to form an overbased phenate. The product thus prepared has reduced levels of monomeric dodecylphenol.

Abstract: A sulfurized alkaline earth metal (e.g., calcium) dodecylphenate is prepared by reacting (i) dodecylphenol with (ii) calcium hydroxide or calcium oxide in an amount of about 0.3 to about 0.7 moles per mole of dodecylphenol charged and (iii) an alkylene glycol in an amount of about 0.13 to about 0.6 moles per mole of dodecylphenol charged; and reacting the product of the first step with sulfur in an amount of about 1.6 to about 3 moles per mole of dodecylphenol charged; and thereafter optionally reacting the product with additional calcium hydroxide or calcium oxide and with carbon dioxide so as to form an overbased phenate. The product thus prepared has reduced levels of monomeric dodecylphenol.

Abstract: The invention relates to a device (7) for applying electromagnetic energy to a reactive medium, with said device being designed to be connected to an electromagnetic radiation generator using a means of transmission (4) of said radiation, with the device being remarkable in that it includes at least one loss transmission line (70) that features an interface that transfers electromagnetic energy towards the reactive medium, with said transfer interface being arranged so as to assure, throughout the length of the said line, a pre-determined distribution cross-section for the density of the electromagnetic energy delivered to said medium by said line. The invention also relates to a device for processing, by electromagnetic radiation, of a reactive medium including such an application device. The present invention can be applied to the sector of devices for thermal treatment of a reactive medium, specifically by microwave or high-frequency radiation.

Abstract: The device for electromagnetic radiation treatment of a reactive medium includes an electromagnetic radiation generator, a reactor containing the reactive medium, and a device for transmitting the electromagnetic radiation generated by the generator to the reactive medium contained in the reactor. The device includes a wave guide for transmitting the electromagnetic radiation from the generator and a coupling means arranged to allow transfer within the reactive medium of the electromagnetic energy transmitted by the wave guide. The wave guide includes a curved segment in a general “U” shape forming a return loop from the wave guide. The device further includes a separation wall that isolates the generator form the reactor, with the reactor being connected to the curved segment. The curved segment extends at least partially from one side of the separation wall to the opposite generator.

Abstract: The invention relates to a device (7) for applying electromagnetic energy to a reactive medium, with said device being designed to be connected to an electromagnetic radiation generator using a means of transmission (4) of said radiation, with the device being remarkable in that it includes at least one loss transmission line (70) that features an interface that transfers electromagnetic energy towards the reactive medium, with said transfer interface being arranged so as to assure, throughout the length of the said line, a pre-determined distribution cross-section for the density of the electromagnetic energy delivered to said medium by said line. The invention also relates to a device for processing, by electromagnetic radiation, of a reactive medium including such an application device. The present invention can be applied to the sector of devices for thermal treatment of a reactive medium, specifically by microwave or high-frequency radiation.

Abstract: The invention relates to a device for electromagnetic radiation treatment of a reactive medium, including an electromagnetic radiation generator (1), a reactor (2) containing said reactive medium, and a device (3) for transmitting the electromagnetic radiation generated by the generator (1) to the reactive medium contained in said reactor (2), where said device (3) includes a wave guide (4) intended to transmit the electromagnetic radiation from the generator (1) and a coupling means (5) arranged so as to allow transfer within the reactive medium of the electromagnetic energy transmitted by the wave guide (4).