Abstract: In various embodiments, the present invention provides a drug-loaded amino acid-based poly(ester urea) film for controlled local release of non-opioid analgesic compounds and various methods for their making and use. In one or more embodiments, he present invention is directed to a drug-loaded amino acid-based poly(ester urea) film for controlled local release of non-opioid analgesic compounds comprising an amino acid-based poly(ester urea) polymer or copolymer and a therapeutically effective amount of a non-opioid analgesic compound. In various embodiments, these amino acid-based poly(ester urea) polymers or copolymers will comprise a plurality of diester monomer units connected by a carboxyl group to form a poly(ester urea) (PEU) polymer.

Abstract: Microelectrodes, microelectrode formation, and methods of utilizing microelectrodes for characterizing properties of localized environments and substrates are provided. A microelectrode can include a tungsten wire comprising a shaft and a conical tip. The conical tip can include an electroactive area. Further, the microelectrode can include an electroactive coating layer covering one or more surface of the tungsten wire. The tungsten wire surfaces can include a surface of the conical tip. An insulating layer can at least partially cover the shaft.