Abstract: A compound for use as active material of a positive electrode of a lithium-ion cell. This compound has an average discharge voltage above 4.5V in relation to the Li+/Li couple of approximately 4.7V. The compound includes: a) a spinel-type crystalline phase of formula LiaNiII0.5?xMnIII2xMnIV1.5?x?yMyO4 in which elements Ti and Al, or a mixture of these; 0.8<a<1.3; 0<x?0.15; 0<y?0.15; b) a cubic crystalline phase of formula Li1?tNi1+tO in which 0?t?1; and c) a rhomboedric crystalline phase of formula Li1?ZNi1+zO2 in which 0?z?1.

Abstract: A method and system for improving power distribution and/or current measurement on a printed circuit board is disclosed. According to the invention, a first power plane adapted for current measurement includes a first segment to which a current source is connected and a second segment to which other devices may be connected, forming the current load. A third segment is used to measure the current between the first segment and the second segment through two vias that link two points of the third segment to, preferably, two pads of the external layer. In a preferred embodiment, vias are connected to the first segment so that current flow in the third segment is linear, to improve and simplify current determination. The resistivity between the pair of vias may be computed or estimated using calibrated currents.

Abstract: A method and system for improving power distribution and/or current measurement on a printed circuit board is disclosed. According to the invention, a first power plane adapted for current measurement includes a first segment to which a current source is connected and a second segment to which other devices may be connected, forming the current load. A third segment is used to measure the current between the first segment and the second segment through two vias that link two points of the third segment to, preferably, two pads of the external layer. In a preferred embodiment, vias are connected to the first segment so that current flow in the third segment is linear, to improve and simplify current determination. The resistivity between the pair of vias may be computed or estimated using calibrated currents.

Abstract: A method and system for improving power distribution and/or current measurement on a printed circuit board is disclosed. According to the invention, a first power plane adapted for current measurement includes a first segment to which a current source is connected and a second segment to which other devices may be connected, forming the current load. A third segment is used to measure the current between the first segment and the second segment through two vias that link two points of the third segment to, preferably, two pads of the external layer. In a preferred embodiment, vias are connected to the first segment so that current flow in the third segment is linear, to improve and simplify current determination. The resistivity between the pair of vias may be computed or estimated using calibrated currents.

Abstract: The invention proposes a compound for use as active material of a positive electrode of a lithium-ion cell. This compound has an average discharge voltage above 4.5V in relation to the Li+/Li couple of approximately 4.7V. This compound comprises: a) a spinel-type crystalline phase of formula LiaNiII0.5?xMnIII2xMnIV1.5?x?yMyO4 in which M is chosen from the group comprising the elements Ti and Al, or a mixture of these; 0.8<a<1.3; 0<x?0.15; 0<y?0.15; b) a cubic crystalline phase of formula Li1?zNi1+zO2 in which 0?z?1; and c) a rhomboedric crystalline phase of formula Li1?zNi1+zO2 in which 0?z?1. The invention also provides an electrode, a cell with this compound and a production process.

Abstract: An electrochemically active material resulting from substituting a portion of the nickel in a single-phase composite oxide of nickel and lithium of the LiNiO2 type, characterized in that the active material satisfies the formula: Li(M1(1-a-b-c)LiaM2bM3c)O2 in which: 0.02<a?0.25; 0?b<0.30; 0?c<0.30; (a+b+c)<0.50; M3 is at least one element selected from Al, B, and Ga; M2 is at least one element selected from Mg and Zn; and M1=Ni(1-x-y-z)CoxMnyM4z in which M4 is at least one element selected from Fe, Cu, Ti, Zr, V, Ga, and Si; and 0?x<0.70; 0.10?y<0.55; 0?z<0.30; and 0.20<(1-x-y-z); b+c+z>0; and in that said active material, regardless of its state of charge, satisfies the relationship: 0.40<R<0.90, where: R=(1-a-b-c)*[3-[(nU/nMA+dox)/(4-2b-3c)]*(2-b-2c)] in which: nU is the lithium content expressed in moles; nMA is the sum of the contents of Ni, Mn, Co, and M4 expressed in moles; and dox is the overall degree of oxidation of M1.

Abstract: The present invention provides an electrochemically active material resulting from substituting a portion of the nickel in a single-phase composite oxide of nickel and lithium of the LiNiO2 type, characterized in that the active material satisfies the formula: Li(M1(1-a-b-c)LiaM2bM3c)O2 in which: 0.02<a?0.25; 0?b<0.30; 0?c<0.30; (a+b+c)<0.50; M3 is at least one element selected from Al, B, and Ga; M2 is at least one element selected from Mg and Zn; and M1=Ni(1-x-y-a)CoxMnyM4z in which M4 is at least one element selected from Fe, Cu, Ti, Zr, V, Ga, and Si; and 0?x<0.70 0.10?y<0.55 0?z<0.30 0.20<(1-x-y-z) b+c+z>0; and in that said active material, regardless of its state of charge, satisfies the following relationship: 0.40<R<0.90 where: R=(1-a-b-c)*[3-[(nU/nMA+dox)/(4-2b-3c)]*(2-b-2c) in which: nU is the lithium content expressed in moles; nMA is the sum of the contents of Ni, Mn, Co, and M4 expressed in moles; and dox is the overall degree of oxidation of M1.

Abstract: The present invention provides an electrochemically active material resulting from substituting a portion of the nickel in a combined nickel and lithium oxide of the LiNiO2 type that crystallizes into a rhombohedral structure and that satisfies the formula: Li (Ni(1-x-y-z-t)CoxMnyLizMt)O2-eFe where: 0?x<0.70 0.05<y?0.50 0?z?0.20 0?t?0.30 0.01<e?0.50 0.20?(1-x-y-z-t) and in which M is at least one element from Mg, Al, B, Ti, Si, Zr, Fe, Zn, and Cu.

Abstract: A method and system for improving power distribution and/or current measurement on a printed circuit board is disclosed. According to the invention, a first power plane adapted for current measurement includes a first segment to which a current source is connected and a second segment to which other devices may be connected, forming the current load. A third segment is used to measure the current between the first segment and the second segment through two vias that link two points of the third segment to, preferably, two pads of the external layer. In a preferred embodiment, vias are connected to the first segment so that current flow in the third segment is linear, to improve and simplify current determination. The resistivity between the pair of vias may be computed or estimated using calibrated currents.

Abstract: The present invention provides a lithium insertion compound suitable for operating at a voltage greater than 4.

Abstract: An active cathode material for a lithium rechargeable cell is in the form of lithium-containing nickel oxide substituted by three elements including at least cobalt and aluminum. The material has a monoclinic crystal structure and the following general formula: LiLNi(1−C−A−M)CoCAlAMgMO2 where: 0.05≦L≦1.03 0.05≦C≦0.20 0.11≦A≦0.20 0.01≦M≦0.05 and C/A≧0.

Abstract: The present invention concerns a nickel electrode comprising a nickel-based hydroxide which satisfies at least one of the following criteria:an intensity ratio of the ?103! line to the ?200! line in the X-ray diffraction diagram of 1.05.+-.0.10;a coherence length L of 13.+-.3 nm,a ratio of the sum of the surface areas of the peaks at 3687.+-.10 cm.sup.-1 and 3600.+-.10 cm.sup.-1 to the surface area of the peak at 3580.+-.10 cm.sup.-1 of the Raman spectrum of 0.11.+-.0.03;a ratio of the surface area of the peak at 511.+-.10 cm.sup.-1 to the surface area of the peak at 460.+-.10 cm.sup.-1 in the Raman spectrum of 1.1.+-.0.1.

Abstract: The present invention consists in a rechargeable cell having an anode made from materials in which lithium can be inserted, a cathode and an electrolyte constituted by a solution of a lithium salt in a non-aqueous solvent. The material of said cathode includes at least one substance which is a yellow-green single-phase oxide of lithium and manganese with an orthorhombic crystal structure with the following lattice parameters: a=0.459.+-.0.004 nm, b=0.577.+-.0.004 nm and c=0.281.+-.0.003 nm and containing lithium ions in a molar ratio Li/Mn such that 0.85.ltoreq.Li/Mn.ltoreq.1.10. After a first charge said substance is discharged in two stages of which the higher is at a mean voltage greater than 3.5 volts relative to the lithium.

Abstract: A process of making a cathode material for a secondary battery including a lithium anode and application of said material.A process of making a cathode material for a secondary electrochemical battery including a lithium anode, wherein said material corresponds to one of the formulas Li.sub.y Ni.sub.2-y O.sub.2 or LiNi.sub.1-x Co.sub.x O.sub.2, wherein y is a number ranging from 0.84 to 1.22 and x is a number ranging from 0.09 to 0.5, wherein the base is lithium hydroxide, nickel oxide or possibly cobalt oxide, in a powdered form in the desired stoichiometric ratio, and wherein it is heated in air at a temperature ranging from approximately 600.degree. C. to 800.degree. C.

Abstract: A rechargeable electrochemical battery including a lithium anode.A rechargeable electrochemical battery wherein the anode 2 is a lithium base and the electrolyte is composed of a solution of a lithium salt in a non-aqueous solvent. The active material of cathode 1 is a manganese dioxide containing lithium ions and displaying the crystallographic structure of .alpha. manganese dioxide known as cryptomelane.

Abstract: Positive active material (2) for electrochemical cells, characterized by the fact that it is constituted by an anhydrous borate having the formula Bi.sub.4 B.sub.2 O.sub.9. The invention is applicable to cells using lithium as the negative active material and the electrolyte may be solid or liquid.

Abstract: A positive active material for an electric cell, said material being constituted by anhydrous copper borate whose formula is Cu.sub.3 B.sub.2 O.sub.6. A method of making such an active material. An electric cell whose positive active material (3) is anhydrous copper borate Cu.sub.3 B.sub.2 O.sub.6, whose negative active material (6) is lithium and whose electrolyte is a solution which is liquid at ambient temperature and whose solvent is an aprotic compound.

Abstract: The invention relates to a solid positive active material for electric cells whose negative active material is an alkali metal. In accordance with the invention, said positive material is a compound formed by two oxides, namely, bismuth oxide Bi.sub.2 O.sub.3 and cupric oxide CuO. Application to lithium cells.

Abstract: The invention relates to a positive active material for an electric cell with a non-aqueous electrolyte. Said active material is constituted by an oxyphosphate whose formula is Cu.sub.n O.sub.p (PO.sub.4).sub.2,n being an integer greater than 3 and lower than or equal to 6 and p being equal to n-3. Application to lithium primary cells.

Abstract: Novel double chromate compositions having the general formula:MBi(Cr.sub.x O.sub.y).sub.2,wherein M is silver or thallium and x is 1 and y is between about 3.7 and 4 or x is 2 and y is 7. Methods of making MBi(Cr.sub.x O.sub.y).sub.2 are characterized by reacting silver dichromate or thallium dichromate with a bismuth salt to provide equal numbers of silver or thallium atoms and bismuth atoms. Non-stoichiometric compositions wherein y is less than 4 and greater than or equal to about 3.7 are obtained by heating MBi(CrO.sub.4).sub.2 to a temperature between about 200.degree. C. and about 425.degree. C., the resulting product having an unchanged radio crystallographic structure. These double chromate compositions have particular utility in batteries as active positive material. Due to the steadiness of discharge voltage and duration of discharge of batteries employing these double chromate compositions, such batteries are especially adapted for use in clocks and in cardiostimulators or pacemakers.