Abstract: There is provided a system for re-orienting erected cartons having an opening through which primary containers, such as bottles or cans, in a “unit” are to be inserted. The erected cartons are adapted to rotate to make the opening accessible to bottle loading equipment only in a manner which ensures that the geometry of the opening is not deformed from that of the originally erected carton.

Abstract: The filter has hollow fiber membranes which are spaced apart from each other and are held in a substantially linear fashion between a first bonded layer and second bonded layer. This allows the membranes to work effectively without having to be looped. This placement also avoids the kinking of the membranes and stretching in the membrane which in turn would undesirably increase the pore size. The filter thus has a plurality of porous membranes, each membrane having a hollow passage therein and having a first end and second end, and each end having an opening. The first bonded layer is affixed to the first ends so as to block fluid entry through the openings of the first ends. The second bonded layer is affixed to the second ends so as to leave the openings of the second ends exposed for fluid exit from the hollow fiber membranes.

Abstract: A method of casting porous membranes of polymeric material is provided wherein the membrane has at least one of the following: a more homogeneous active skin layer for separation purposes with a lower molecular weight cut off, a more homogeneous active skin layer with a sharper molecular weight cut off curve, a relatively thinner active skin layer with a relatively greater flux for a given separation of a substance from a solution thereof, and relatively fewer imperfections through the active skin layer.