Abstract: An apparatus, system, and method for phase detection of electromagnetic signals are presented. The apparatus may include a magnetic element, one or more first signal contacts coupled to the magnetic element for receiving a first signal, and one or more output contacts coupled to the magnetic element for providing a variable level voltage generated by the magnetic element, the level of the voltage being responsive to a phase difference between the first signal and a second signal. In a further embodiment, the apparatus may include a substrate for mechanically supporting the magnetic element. Additionally, the apparatus may include a conductor mechanically supported by substrate, the conductor configured to receive the second signal.

Abstract: An apparatus, system, and method for phase detection of electromagnetic signals are presented. The apparatus may include a magnetic element, one or more first signal contacts coupled to the magnetic element for receiving a first signal, and one or more output contacts coupled to the magnetic element for providing a variable level voltage generated by the magnetic element, the level of the voltage being responsive to a phase difference between the first signal and a second signal. In a further embodiment, the apparatus may include a substrate for mechanically supporting the magnetic element. Additionally, the apparatus may include a conductor mechanically supported by substrate, the conductor configured to receive the second signal.

Abstract: Systems and methods for RF magnetic-field vector detection based on spin rectification effects are described. In one embodiment, a method comprises sweeping a quasi-static external applied magnetic field at a h-vector detector, measuring voltages across terminals of the h-vector detector when the detector receives a microwave, varying the angle between the external applied static magnetic field and the RF current, determining an angular dependence of the measured voltages, and calculating a magnetic-field vector (h-vector) component of the microwave.

Abstract: Systems and methods for RF magnetic-field vector detection based on spin rectification effects are described. In one embodiment, a method comprises sweeping a quasi-static external applied magnetic field at a h-vector detector, measuring voltages across terminals of the h-vector detector when the detector receives a microwave, varying the angle between the external applied static magnetic field and the RF current, determining an angular dependence of the measured voltages, and calculating a magnetic-field vector (h-vector) component of the microwave.