Abstract: An apparatus and method of manufacturing same is provided. The apparatus includes: a base layer integrated with an article; a conductive layer in communication with a base contact pad mounted on the base layer; an active electrode board in electrical communication with the base contact pad, the active electrode board configured to receive or send electrical signals from the base contact pad; and a contact layer in electrical communication with the conductive layer, and the conductive layer is mounted on the base layer; wherein the active electrode board comprises a board contact pad configured to receive or send electrical signals from the base contact pad.

Abstract: A fibre-based sensor for yarn senses strain or pressure and includes: (a) a fibre extending along a centerline with a first longitudinal portion thereof forming a first fibre member that is elastic and has a first stiffness, first hysteresis, and first electrical conductivity; and (b) a second fibre member selected as a second fibre or a second longitudinal portion of the fibre, the second fibre member being elastic, having a second stiffness, second hysteresis, and second conductivity, wherein the first and second fibre members are non-slidable relative to each other along the centerline, the first stiffness being greater than the second stiffness so sensor stiffness is dominated by the first stiffness, the first hysteresis being less than the second hysteresis so sensor hysteresis is dominated by the first hysteresis, the first conductivity being less than the second conductivity so sensor conductivity is dominated by the second electrical conductivity.