Abstract: Systems and methods for filtering time-varying data for filtering and extracting a predicted physiological signal. A method including: segmenting the time-varying data into temporal windows; using a trained filter machine learning model, predicting an error for each prediction of the physiological signal for each window of time-varying data, the filter machine learning model trained using physiological signal predictions based on training time-varying data and known values of the physiological signal for the training time-varying data; discarding each window of time-varying data when the predicted error for such window is greater than a threshold; and where the window of time-varying data is not discarded, outputting at least one of the window of time-varying data and the predicted error for each prediction of the physiological signal.