Abstract: A method for generating extreme ultraviolet (EUV) radiation employs an EUV apparatus, which comprises one or more sets of nanoscale antennas, designed for electromagnetic field enhancement. The one or more sets comprise, each, at least one pair of opposite antennas separated by a feedgap volume. First cations of same molecular entities are allowed to reach the feedgap volumes and the antennas are energized so as to perform one or more EUV radiation emission cycles, during which the first cations are further ionized via electromagnetic field intensities achieved in the feedgap volumes by optically exciting corresponding pairs of opposite antennas. Second cations are thus obtained, which have a higher charge state than the first cations, and are forced to radiatively decay, by electrically stimulating antenna pairs, whereby EUV radiation is generated and third cations are obtained, which have a lower charge state than the second cations.

Abstract: A method for linking a first knowledge graph (KG) and a second KG in the presence of a third KG is provided. Content of nodes of the first KG is compared to nodes of the second KG. If a first KG node has a content relationship to a related second KG node, an edge identified by a tuple identifying the first KG and the first KG node and a tuple identifying the second KG and the second KG node is stored in a meta-layer KG. The method comprises comparing content of the nodes from the third KG with the content of nodes from the first and second KG, and in case relationships are identified, more complex tuples establishing this relationship in the meta-layer are stored. Finally, the method also comprises storing at least all nodes and edges of the meta-layer knowledge graph.

Abstract: A computer program product, system, and method for building a knowledge graph may include receiving a plurality of new nodes, receiving a base knowledge graph having existing nodes selectively connected by existing edges, and superimposing the new nodes onto selected ones of the existing nodes of the base knowledge graph. The method may further include connecting the new nodes by creating a new edge with a new weight between at least two of the new nodes if corresponding existing nodes in the underlying base knowledge graph have a connection via zero or a predetermined maximum number of existing edges, wherein the new weight is determined based on the existing weights of the existing edges of connections between the corresponding existing nodes, and detaching the new nodes with the new edges from the base knowledge graph.

Abstract: A method and system for deleting a node of a knowledge graph may be provided. The method comprises receiving knowledge graph data comprising nodes and edges, determining a first relevance degree value for a node and a second relevance degree value for the node, combining the first and the second relevance degree value and marking the node as deletable if the final relevance degree value is above a predefined relevance threshold value. The method comprises further applying queries against the knowledge graph, wherein at least a certain number of such queries invokes accessing of a node, marked as deletable, revising at least one of the first and second relevance degree value based on the accessing of the node marked as deletable, and deleting the node, marked as deletable, if over a predetermined period of time queries against the knowledge graph invoke no access of the node marked as deletable.

Abstract: A method for generating extreme ultraviolet (EUV) radiation employs an EUV apparatus, which comprises one or more sets of nanoscale antennas, designed for electromagnetic field enhancement. The one or more sets comprise, each, at least one pair of opposite antennas separated by a feedgap volume. First cations of same molecular entities are allowed to reach the feedgap volumes and the antennas are energized so as to perform one or more EUV radiation emission cycles, during which the first cations are further ionized via electromagnetic field intensities achieved in the feedgap volumes by optically exciting corresponding pairs of opposite antennas. Second cations are thus obtained, which have a higher charge state than the first cations, and are forced to radiatively decay, by electrically stimulating antenna pairs, whereby EUV radiation is generated and third cations are obtained, which have a lower charge state than the second cations.

Abstract: A computer-implemented method, system, and computer program product for dynamic access control to a node in a knowledge graph includes: structuring nodes of a knowledge graph into a plurality of hierarchically organized graph layers; assigning, to one or more users, an access right to a first node of the knowledge graph, the access right to the node selected from a plurality of access rights, where different types of users have different access rights; and assigning, to at least one user from the one or more users, an additional access right to a second node of the knowledge graph.

Abstract: A computer-implemented method, system, and computer program product for dynamic access control to a node in a knowledge graph includes: structuring nodes of a knowledge graph into a plurality of hierarchically organized graph layers; assigning, to a user, an access right to a node of the knowledge graph, the access right to the node selected from a plurality of access rights; and changing the access right to the node dynamically, the changing based on at least one of a structure of the knowledge graph, an access history of the user to the node, and a parameter of the user indicative of a condition outside the knowledge graph.

Abstract: A computer-implemented method, system, and computer program product for dynamic access control to a node in a knowledge graph includes: structuring nodes of a knowledge graph into a plurality of hierarchically organized graph layers; assigning, to a user, an access right to a node of the knowledge graph, the access right to the node selected from a plurality of access rights; and changing the access right to the node dynamically, the changing based on at least one of a structure of the knowledge graph, an access history of the user to the node, and a parameter of the user indicative of a condition outside the knowledge graph.

Abstract: A method, computer system, and computer program product for eliminating a redundant node from a knowledge graph is provided. A structural analysis of a knowledge graph is performed by determining that two nodes have a similar structure. An empirical analysis is performed by determining a search result correlation of potentially redundant nodes, said search result correlation comprising a correlation of search result nodes generated from different search queries to said knowledge graph or a correlation of search results due to selected search result nodes in subtrees of said potentially redundant nodes. Results of said structural analysis and said empirical analysis are combined to generate a redundancy confidence level value for two said nodes. One of said two nodes is determined as redundant. One of said two redundant nodes is removed from the knowledge graph.

Abstract: The device includes a reception unit for receiving a target energy including a target altitude and a target speed, a computation unit for computing a target energy state relative to the target energy, a computation unit for computing an energy difference between a final energy state at a final position, a computation unit for computing a dissipation distance making it possible for the aircraft to dissipate this energy difference, a computation unit for computing a limit position situated upstream of the final position, along a future flight trajectory of the aircraft, by the dissipation distance, the limit position being the most downstream position where the aircraft can dissipate the energy difference of the aircraft up to the final position, and an information transmission unit for transmitting at least the limit position to at least one user system.

Abstract: A computer program product, system, and method for building a knowledge graph may include receiving a plurality of new nodes, receiving a base knowledge graph having existing nodes selectively connected by existing edges, and superimposing the new nodes onto selected ones of the existing nodes of the base knowledge graph. The method may further include connecting the new nodes by creating a new edge with a new weight between at least two of the new nodes if corresponding existing nodes in the underlying base knowledge graph have a connection via zero or a predetermined maximum number of existing edges, wherein the new weight is determined based on the existing weights of the existing edges of connections between the corresponding existing nodes, and detaching the new nodes with the new edges from the base knowledge graph.

Abstract: A method and system for deleting a node of a knowledge graph may be provided. The method comprises receiving knowledge graph data comprising nodes and edges, determining a first relevance degree value for a node and a second relevance degree value for the node, combining the first and the second relevance degree value and marking the node as deletable if the final relevance degree value is above a predefined relevance threshold value. The method comprises further applying queries against the knowledge graph, wherein at least a certain number of such queries invokes accessing of a node, marked as deletable, revising at least one of the first and second relevance degree value based on the accessing of the node marked as deletable, and deleting the node, marked as deletable, if over a predetermined period of time queries against the knowledge graph invoke no access of the node marked as deletable.

Abstract: A method includes receiving a first query by a computing device and assigning the first query to a plurality of cognitive engines, wherein each of the plurality of cognitive engines include different characteristics for processing data. The method also includes, responsive to receiving a response from each of the plurality of cognitive engines for the first query, comparing the received responses from the plurality of cognitive engines. The method also included responsive to determining a difference between a first response from a first cognitive engine and a second response from a second cognitive engine is above a predetermined threshold value, performing a response mediation process until the difference is below the predetermined threshold value. The method also includes selecting a first final response from the received responses for the first query and the second query and displaying the first final response to a user.

Abstract: A frame includes a pair of self-propelled lateral modules, which extend in a longitudinal direction and can be mutually removably coupled in a transverse direction. The modules are adapted to contribute to create, when assembled, a support structure for a central module, which can be removably coupled to the frame and is provided with a control system, which is configured to control movements and actuation of the self-propelled lateral modules. Each one of the self-propelled lateral modules includes a pair of bearing portions, and a connection portion, which mutually constrain the bearing portions and permit relative movement thereof between an extended configuration, in which the bearing portions define a greater longitudinal extension of the self-propelled lateral module, and a compact configuration, in which the bearing portions define a smaller longitudinal extension of the self-propelled lateral module.

Abstract: A method for controlling an interaction between droplet targets and a high power and high-repetition-rate laser beam at a laser focus position of the laser beam including providing a droplet generator for generating a train of droplets as a droplet target with a predetermined droplet frequency and velocity in a predetermined direction; providing a high power, high-repetition-rate laser for emitting a pulsed laser beam, which is focused in the laser focus position; aligning the droplet generator such that the train of droplets runs through the laser focus position; generating a train of droplets as a droplet target; and emitting a pulsed laser beam in synchronization with the train of droplets, such that the droplet target interacts with the pulsed laser beam at the laser focus position.

Abstract: The device includes a reception unit for receiving a target energy including a target altitude and a target speed, a computation unit for computing a target energy state relative to the target energy, a computation unit for computing an energy difference between a final energy state at a final position, a computation unit for computing a dissipation distance making it possible for the aircraft to dissipate this energy difference, a computation unit for computing a limit position situated upstream of the final position, along a future flight trajectory of the aircraft, by the dissipation distance, the limit position being the most downstream position where the aircraft can dissipate the energy difference of the aircraft up to the final position, and an information transmission unit for transmitting at least the limit position to at least one user system.

Abstract: An optical collector (15) for collecting extreme ultraviolet radiation or EUV light generated at a central EUV production site comprises a reflective shell (25). To cope with thermal loading of the collector and avoid deformations, the reflective shell (25) is mounted on a support structure (24), such that a cooling channel (29) is established between the back side of the reflective shell (25) and the support structure (24), the thickness of the reflective shell (25) is substantially reduced, such that the convective heat transfer between the back side of the reflective shell (25) and a cooling medium (26) flowing through the cooling channel (29) dominates the process of removing heat from the reflective shell (25) with respect to heat conduction, and a cooling circuit (33) is connected to the cooling channel (29); to supply a cooling medium (26) to the cooling channel (29) with a controlled coolant pressure and/or mass flow.

Abstract: A frame includes a pair of self-propelled lateral modules, which extend in a longitudinal direction and can be mutually removably coupled in a transverse direction. The modules are adapted to contribute to create, when assembled, a support structure for a central module, which can be removably coupled to the frame and is provided with a control system, which is configured to control movements and actuation of the self-propelled lateral modules. Each one of the self-propelled lateral modules includes a pair of bearing portions, and a connection portion, which mutually constrain the bearing portions and permit relative movement thereof between an extended configuration, in which the bearing portions define a greater longitudinal extension of the self-propelled lateral module, and a compact configuration, in which the bearing portions define a smaller longitudinal extension of the self-propelled lateral module.

Abstract: A droplet dispensing device includes a reservoir for receiving a liquid material, an outlet nozzle in fluid communication with the reservoir and a piezoelectric actuating means acting on the liquid material at the outlet nozzle to exit the outlet nozzle in a sequence of droplets. A piezoelectric actuating means that includes a piston, which is actuated by a piezoelectric actuator at one end and dips the other, free end into the liquid material is provided just upstream of the outlet nozzle.

Abstract: A method automatically controls the movement of a winch device (2), which is adapted to pull in or let out a cable (T), to which at least one flying device 4 is connected. The method includes the following subsequent steps: a) determining the relative position between the winch device (2) and the flying device (4); b) calculating the optimal length of the cable “T” as a function of the relative distance determined during the previous step; c) activating said winch device (2), so as to obtain the desired length of the cable “T” calculated during the previous step; d) repeating the sequence of steps a)-c) for a desired amount of time; in order to obtain, in real time, the optimal length of the cable (T) as a function of the changes in the relative position between the winch device (2) and the flying device (4).