Abstract: There is provided a method of providing an improved biofuel, by the presence of an additive which is the reaction product of (i) a compound containing the segment —NR1R2 where R1 represents a group containing from 4 to 44 carbon atoms and R2 represents a hydrogen atom or a group R1 (for example di-hydrogenated tallow amine) and (ii) a carboxylic acid having from 1 to 4 carboxylic acid groups or an acid anhydride or acid chloride thereof (for example phthalic acid or phthalic anhydride). The additives described combat problems arising from precipitation at temperatures above the cloud point.

Abstract: There is provided a method of providing an improved biofuel, by the presence of an additive which is the reaction product of (i) a compound containing the segment —NR1R2 where R1 represents a group containing from 4 to 44 carbon atoms and R2 represents a hydrogen atom or a group R1 (for example di-hydrogenated tallow amine) and (ii) a carboxylic acid having from 1 to 4 carboxylic acid groups or an acid anhydride or acid chloride thereof (for example phthalic acid or phthalic anhydride). The additives described combat problems arising from precipitation at temperatures above the cloud point.

Abstract: There is provided a method of providing an improved biofuel, by the presence of an additive which is the reaction product of (i) a compound containing the segment —NR1R2 where R1 represents a group containing from 4 to 44 carbon atom R2 represents a hydrogen atom or a group R1 (for example di-hydrogenated tallow amine) and (ii) a carboxylic acid having from 1 to 4 carboxylic acid groups or an acid anhydride or acid chloride thereof (for example phthalic acid or phthalic anhydride). The additives described combat problems arising from precipitation at temperatures above the cloud point.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for the treatment of crude oil or aged crude oil residue comprising the steps of (a) contacting the oil or residue with a phenol resin and with a diluent, to provide a diluted phenol resin treated oil or residue; and (b) optionally removing solid material from the diluted phenol resin treated oil or residue.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for the treatment of crude oil or aged crude oil residue comprising the steps of (a) contacting the oil or residue with a phenol resin and with a diluent, to provide a diluted phenol resin treated oil or residue; and (b) optionally removing solid material from the diluted phenol resin treated oil or residue.

Abstract: The present invention provides a polymeric a fuel composition comprising (i) a fuel; and (ii) a polymeric compound; wherein the polymeric compound comprises at least one monomer unit of Formula I wherein R1 is H or a C1-10 hydrocarbyl group; wherein L is an optional C1-30 hydrocarbyl linker group; and wherein heterocycle is an optionally substituted heterocyclic ring.

Abstract: There is provided a friction modifier of the formula R1L-N(R2)(R3) wherein R1 is a hydrocarbyl group that has a number average molecular weight (Mn) of from 500 to 5000; L is an optional linker group; and R2 and R3 are independently selected from H, a hydrocarbyl group and a bond to optional group L, wherein at least one of R2 and R3 is H or a hydrocarbyl group, with the proviso that if one of R2 and R3 is a hydrocarbyl group and the other of R2 and R3 is H, the hydrocarbyl group does not contain a terminal amine.

Abstract: The present invention provides a jet fuel composition comprising (i) a jet fuel; (ii) a compound of Formula I wherein m is at least 1; wherein n is 0 or 1; wherein when m is 1, n is 0; wherein the or each R1 is a hydrocarbyl group with the proviso that the or each R1 is free of carboxylic acid and carboxylic ester groups; and wherein when m is 1, R1 is a polymeric group comprising at least 12 carbon atoms.

Abstract: The present invention provides a polymeric compound comprising at least one monomer unit of Formula I 1

Abstract: There is provided a composition comprising (i) a detergent compound of the formula R1-L-N(R2)(R3) wherein R1 is a hydrocarbyl group has a number average molecular weight (Mn) of from 500 to 5000, L is an optional linker group; and R2 and R3 are independently selected from H, a hydrocarbyl group, with the proviso that if one of R2 and R3 is a hydrocarbyl group and the other of R2 and R3 is H, the hydrocarbyl group does not contain a terminal amine; (ii) a carrier oil comprising an optionally esterified polyether.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for inhibiting deposit formation in a fuel at a temperature of from 100 to 335° C., the method comprising combining with the fuel a composition comprising: (i) high temperature antioxidant; and (ii) a deposit inhibiting compound.

Abstract: The present invention provides a composition comprising (i) an aviation fuel; and (ii) a deposit inhibiting compound of the formula P-Q-R in which P is a polymeric hydrocarbyl group in which Q is an optional ring system; in which R is a group selected from H and hydrocarbyl; wherein if R is a hydrocarbyl group it is free of a carboxylic acid group (—COOH); wherein Q together with R contains no greater than 2 nitrogens; and wherein when Q together with R contains 2 nitrogens each of the nitrogens is a member of a heterocyclic ring