Abstract: In a method for operating a valve, one valve element of the valve being able to be moved from a first position into a second position by activating an electrically actuatable actuator, the actuator is activated at least once in a first time interval, and is thereafter not activated in a second time interval, and a signal characterizing a strike of the valve element at the first position is ascertained at electrical terminals of the actuator. During the process, an activation energy of the actuator is gradually modified, and a threshold value of the activation energy at which the valve element is just able or is just no longer able to lift is ascertained.

Abstract: In a method for operating a valve, one valve element of the valve being able to be moved from a first position into a second position by activating an electrically actuatable actuator, the actuator is activated at least once in a first time interval, and is thereafter not activated in a second time interval, and a signal characterizing a strike of the valve element at the first position is ascertained at electrical terminals of the actuator. During the process, an activation energy of the actuator is gradually modified, and a threshold value of the activation energy at which the valve element is just able or is just no longer able to lift is ascertained.

Abstract: A method for operating an internal combustion engine, in which fuel is injected into a combustion chamber of the internal combustion engine with the aid of an injector, a variable which characterizes a slope of a straight line or of a curve which has at least some sections in the shape of a straight line, being ascertained, the straight line or straight line-shaped curve linking activation times of the injector to the appropriate difference values, and a difference value being formed by the difference between an instantaneous closing point in time and a reference closing point in time or between an instantaneous injection quantity and a reference injection quantity, and a measure for a coking of the injector being ascertained from the ascertained variable.

Abstract: The invention relates to a fuel injection system having at least one fuel injector, which includes an electrically operable actuator. In order to reduce the hydraulic distances between two injections, a voltage-smoothing or voltage-dampening electric device is connected in parallel to the actuator.

Abstract: The invention relates to a fuel injection system having at least one fuel injector, which includes an electrically operable actuator. In order to reduce the hydraulic distances between two injections, a voltage-smoothing or voltage-dampening electric device is connected in parallel to the actuator.

Abstract: A fuel injector with a direct needle control for an internal combustion engine, having an actuator, a hydraulic booster, and a nozzle needle guided in a nozzle body and acting on a nozzle needle sealing seat. The hydraulic booster includes a booster piston connected to the actuator and a nozzle needle booster piston connected to the nozzle needle; a booster chamber in the form of an actuator coupler chamber is associated with a pressure surface of the actuator booster piston; and depending on the pressure in the actuator coupler chamber, the nozzle needle is lifted away from the nozzle needle sealing seat, thus initiating an injection. In addition to the actuator booster piston, a control element is provided that is able to execute a stroke motion, is hydraulically coupled to the actuator coupler chamber by means of a first control surface, and is associated with a control chamber by means of a second control surface.

Abstract: A fuel injector with a direct needle control for an internal combustion engine, having an actuator, a hydraulic booster, and a nozzle needle guided in a nozzle body and acting on a nozzle needle sealing seat. The hydraulic booster includes a booster piston connected to the actuator and a nozzle needle booster piston connected to the nozzle needle; a booster chamber in the form of an actuator coupler chamber is associated with a pressure surface of the actuator booster piston; and depending on the pressure in the actuator coupler chamber, the nozzle needle is lifted away from the nozzle needle sealing seat, thus initiating an injection. In addition to the actuator booster piston, a control element is provided that is able to execute a stroke motion, is hydraulically coupled to the actuator coupler chamber by means of a first control surface, and is associated with a control chamber by means of a second control surface.

Abstract: An electronic, computer based telecommunication system has an object oriented processor system with the aid of which data are exchanged between data bases and customers connected thereto. A data record is created from a selected memory in which all the information from for example a telephone call is stored, this record being common to all customers. The record comprises only that information which is required by the customers. From this data record then the specific data which are desired by an individual customer are extracted. Three kinds of objects are defined and stored in corresponding memories, service templates, customer templates and an output type. The first objects define the types of service which is used. In a second object the information is defined which a customer wants to extract from the common data record. Thus each customer has its own customer template.