Abstract: A pharmaceutical aerosol is disclosed which is suitable for delivering an active compound to the mucosa of the nose, the osteomeatal complex or a paranasal sinus. The pressure of the aerosol is not constant, but pulsates at a frequency from about 10 to 90 Hz. The aerosol is further characterised in that it exhibits a low effective flow rate of less than about 5 litres per minute. The aerosol is, inter alia, suitable for the prevention, management, or treatment of a disease, symptom, or condition affecting the nose or the paranasal sinuses, such as acute and chronic sinusitis.

Abstract: A device for producing blown films, including an extrusion device generating a tubular film and a flattening device, associated with the tubular film, having two flattening elements, arranged on diametrically opposite zones of the tubular film and adjustable in relation to each other at an acute angle, for transforming the cross-section of the tubular film, which is first circular, then oval, to a double-layer film web. The device further includes a pair of draw-off rolls, mounted downstream of the flattening device, for drawing off the film web. This invention has guide blades that are interposed between the flattening elements and enclose the edge fold which is formed when the tubular film is flattened.

Abstract: A guide element for a tubular film which is produced by blown film extrusion. The guide element includes a support structure having guides secured to the support structure and acting upon the circumference of the tubular film. The support structure includes a plurality of support limbs that are articulated to each other and that are received so as to be adjustable relative to each other by adjusting drives. At least one guide for the tubular film is secured to each support limb.

Abstract: A washing machine contains a friction damper device for a washing unit comprising a tub, a washing drum which is rotationally mounted in the tub and a drive for the washing drum. The washing unit is supported in an elastic manner by at least one damper counter to a lower frame part of the housing. In order to prevent the vibratory behavior of the oscillating unit from being influenced above the rotational speed of the resonance, the friction in the damper above the rotational speed of the resonance can be reduced. As a result, at least one friction covering which interacts directly on a piston rod of the damper is pretensed by an energy store counter to the piston rod and can be displaced away from the piston rod by activating an actuator.

Abstract: A process for enantioselectively preparing 3-azidocarboxylic acid derivatives comprises reacting 3-sulfonatocarboxylic acid derivatives with an alkali metal azide in a solvent selected from the group comprising certain carboxamides; a solvent mixture which comprises such carboxamides; a solvent mixture of water and a solvent miscible homogeneously with water; water with the proviso that the addition of a phase transfer catalyst is not used in the reaction in water; and DMSO. The resulting products are optionally reduced to 3-aminocarboxylic acid derivatives.

Abstract: A transverse cutting device for a continuously fed-in web of material which is wound onto sequentially positioned winding tubes, wherein the transverse cutting device includes a cutter block which can be displaced transversely with respect to the web of material and can be driven by a drive mechanism in the displacement direction, and in which a cutting blade for the transverse cutting of the web of material is held, wherein the cutter block has an applicator brush trailing the cutting blade, by which the leading edge of the web of material formed while being severed can be successively placed against the circumference of a waiting winding tube. Also, a winding device for winding a continuously fed-in web of material onto sequentially provided winding tubes is proposed, which has a transverse winding device.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for winding a continuously delivered film web onto successively delivered winding tubes with a rotatably drivable contact roller, a winding station, associated with the contact roller, for the winding tube for winding the coil, a winding preparation station for receiving a new winding tube and beginning to wind the film web, and a transverse-cutting device for cutting the film web crosswise between the winding station and the winding preparation station. Associated with the winding preparation station for the new winding tube are a charger for generating an electrostatic charge of the new winding tube and a blower device for subjecting the film web to a blown air stream aimed counter to the feeding direction of the film web.

Abstract: A transverse cutting device for a continuously fed-in web of material which is wound onto sequentially positioned winding tubes, wherein the transverse cutting device includes a cutter block which can be displaced transversely with respect to the web of material and can be driven by a drive mechanism in the displacement direction, and in which a cutting blade for the transverse cutting of the web of material is held, wherein the cutter block has an applicator brush trailing the cutting blade, by which the leading edge of the web of material formed while being severed can be successively placed against the circumference of a waiting winding tube. Also, a winding device for winding a continuously fed-in web of material onto sequentially provided winding tubes is proposed, which has a transverse winding device.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for winding a continuously delivered film web onto successively delivered winding tubes with a rotatably drivable contact roller, a winding station, associated with the contact roller, for the winding tube for winding the coil, a winding preparation station for receiving a new winding tube and beginning to wind the film web, and a transverse-cutting device for cutting the film web crosswise between the winding station and the winding preparation station. Associated with the winding preparation station for the new winding tube are a charger for generating an electrostatic charge of the new winding tube and a blower device for subjecting the film web to a blown air stream aimed counter to the feeding direction of the film web.

Abstract: A method and a device for winding a continuously arriving foil web into a coil on a winding shaft, having a rotatably driveable contact roller, a winding station assigned to the contact roller for the winding shaft for winding the coil, a take-up station for receiving a fresh winding shaft and taking up the foil web, a transverse cutting device between the winding station and the take-up station for transversely cutting the foil web, wherein a charging station for creating an electrostatic charge between the winding shaft and the foil web and a blower device are assigned to the take-up station for the fresh winding shaft.

Abstract: A method for controlling a transmission of an engine-driven vehicle having a plurality of gears, the vehicle including a service module actuable by a driver of the vehicle to select a desired gear, the service module being connected to a transmission control system which automatically changes gears in response to actuation of the service module, the vehicle further including an engine braking system connected to the transmission control system which is actuable to brake the vehicle engine during a gear change, the method comprising: monitoring the transmission input rotational speed (NE) and the transmission output rotational speed (NA); calculating a synchronous rotational speed (NE) of the desired gear; actuating the engine braking system to reduce the rotational input speed (NE) and synchronize it with the synchronous rotational speed (NS) so that the desired gear change can be effected; and disabling the engine braking system when a predetermined switch-off threshold is reached at a point in time before a

Abstract: A method and a device for winding a continuously arriving foil web into a coil on a winding shaft, having a rotatably driveable contact roller, a winding station assigned to the contact roller for the winding shaft for winding the coil, a take-up station for receiving a fresh winding shaft and taking up the foil web, a transverse cutting device between the winding station and the take-up station for transversely cutting the foil web, wherein a charging station for creating an electrostatic charge between the winding shaft and the foil web and a blower device are assigned to the take-up station for the fresh winding shaft.

Abstract: A method for controlling a transmission in a motor vehicle by operation of a transmission control system which evaluates the actuating wishes of the driver and by an electrical/pneumatic adjusting device, permits rapid shifting of gears in a non-synchronized transmission. In certain cases, for example when traveling uphill, the speed of the vehicle may decrease by the end of the gear changing process to such an extent that an engagement of the gear selected by the driver would lead to a drop below the engine idling speed. Similarly, the corollary applies to the highest acceptable engine speed, for example during down-hill travel. Therefore, the evolution in time of the actual transmission input speed or of the engine speed during a gear changing process is compared with the transmission input speed calculated on the basis of the gear ratio of the selected gear and the speed to be expected in case of synchronization of both speeds is calculated in advance.

Abstract: A semi-automatic transmission for a vehicle having a diesel engine is provided which, upon start up of an engine ignition, goes through a warm up stage before the engine begins normal operation. An electronic controller is connected to the engine, a clutch, a gear box, and a signal transmitter. During start up of the engine, the electronic controller cause the signal transmitter to emit a signal which notifies the driver of the vehicle, based upon the position of an ignition key in the ignition lock, to disengage the clutch. Alternatively, during start up of the engine, the electronic controller detects whether the gear box is in a neutral position and whether the clutch is not disengaged. If the gear box is not in the neutral position or if the clutch is not disengaged, the electronic controller causes the signal transmitter to emit a signal which notifies the driver of the vehicle to disengage the clutch.

Abstract: A shift by wire vehicle transmission system includes control methods that are especially useful for controlling the transmission under start-from-stop conditions. Since the master clutch must be manually operated under such conditions, the invention includes a method of determining whether the clutch is open or closed. The rotational speed of the engine output shaft is compared to the rotational speed of the transmission input shaft and if the difference between those speeds is greater than a preselected value, the clutch is determined to be open. Another use of the disclosed method is to provide an indication to the driver whether a desired gear has been engaged. A visual or audible signal indicates to the driver that the desired gear is not yet engaged. Once engagement is confirmed, the signal is turned off and the driver knows that the desired shift has been accomplished.

Abstract: Non-synchronized, manually shiftable transmissions of modern vehicle types are actuated by means of an automated transmission control, and the driver can optionally select any gear by means of an actuator which is electrically connected to the transmission control device. In general terms, the method of this invention includes the operator generating a signal indicating a desire to shift the transmission. The transmission then automatically begins implementing the shift. If the currently engaged gear is not disengaged within a preselected time period, because the system cannot achieve a break torque condition, for example, the system signals the driver to manually operate the clutch. A visual and audible signal preferably are provided to the driver. Once the driver manually operates the clutch, the system is able to complete the desired shift.

Abstract: A method of engaging and disengaging transmission gears in a vehicle is provided. A controller processes an initial torque representing an engine torque and an estimated zero torque representing an estimate of a transmission output shaft torque. The controller also sets a high and low band torque about the estimated zero torque. Once the above torques have been determined, the controller compares the initial torque to the high band torque. If the initial torque is below the high band torque, the controller increases the engine torque to the high band torque. If the initial torque is greater than the high band torque, then no preliminary adjustments to the engine torque need be made. At least one shift valve is energized when the engine torque is equal to or greater than the high band torque. The engine torque is decayed by the controller to the low band torque to facilitate engaging and disengaging transmission gears.

Abstract: A process for the control of non-synchronized, manually shiftable vehicle transmissions which are actuated in vehicles of new construction by means of an automated transmission control system whereby the driver is able to select a desired gear by means of an operating unit which is connected electrically to the transmission control system. When the vehicle is stopped and the clutch is disengaged practice of the invention prevents a situation in which the engagement of a gear is prevented by a tooth-on-tooth position of the transmission claws. The disclosed process makes it possible to engage the selected gear in all operating states of the vehicle in a simple and reliable manner. In this regard, a desired gear is first selected, and the clutch is then disengaged. When a suitable speed of the transmission input is then reached, a gear to be engaged is automatically engaged. Thereby, the engagement of a gear when the vehicle is stopped is systematized and facilitated for the driver.