Abstract: A process and a system for producing polyethylene terephthalate (PET) granules by transesterification of dimethyl terephthalate with ethylene glycol or by esterification of (fiber) purified terephthalic acid with ethylene glycol suitable for further processing to form packaging films and bottles, comprising the steps of polycondensation, granulation and latent heat crystallization, aftertreatment of the crude granules to adjust the polymer quality values required for the further processing, in particular the intrinsic viscosity, the acetaldehyde content and the moisture content, wherein the aftertreatment is carried out in multiple moving bed tubular reactors operated in parallel.

Abstract: During the production of methanol from inert-rich syngas, a catalytic pre-reactor is installed upstream of the single- or multi-stage synthesis loop, a first part of the syngas being converted to methanol in the catalytic pre-reactor. An inert gas separation stage, for example a pressure swing adsorption system or a membrane system, can be connected downstream of the synthesis loop, whereby a hydrogen-enriched syngas stream can be returned to the synthesis loop. In the processing of methane-rich syngas, the inert gas separation stage may also have an autothermal reformer in which methane is converted to carbon oxides and hydrogen, which are also returned into the synthesis loop.

Abstract: A method for reforming hydrocarbon-containing feed gas into synthesis gas, involving processing of the feed gas by pre-reforming at least partially converting one or more higher hydrocarbons into methane, and heating the feed gas by exothermic catalytic partial oxidation of hydrocarbons before the introduction thereof into the main reforming zone, and, subsequent to the pre-reforming, reforming the pre-reformed product with the addition of a controlled quantity of an oxidizing agent.

Abstract: A process for the recovery of ?-caprolactam from extract water of polycaprolactam obtained by hydrolytic polymerization, wherein the extract water is concentrated, subsequently contained oligomers are depolymerized, non-depolymerizable impurities are separated, water and low-boiling impurities are removed, wherein for adjusting the purity of the recovered ?-caprolactam and the energy consumption used for the process a part of the product is removed from the process as intermediate products.

Abstract: A process for the recovery of ?-caprolactam from extract water of polycaprolactam obtained by hydrolytic polymerization, wherein the extract water is concentrated, subsequently contained oligomers are depolymerized, non-depolymerizable impurities are separated, water and low-boiling impurities are removed, wherein for adjusting the purity of the recovered ?-caprolactam and the energy consumption used for the process a part of the product is removed from the process as intermediate products.

Abstract: A method for producing methanol from inert-rich syngas includes installing a catalytic pre-reactor is upstream of the single or mufti-stage synthesis loop, a first part of the syngas being converted to methanol in the catalytic pre-reactor. Furthermore, an inert gas separation stage, for example a pressure swing adsorption system or a membrane system, is connected downstream of the synthesis loop, whereby a hydrogen-enriched syngas stream can be returned to the synthesis loop. In the processing of methane-rich syngas, the inert gas separation stage may also comprise an autothermal reformer in which methane is converted to carbon oxides and hydrogen, which are also returned into the synthesis loop.

Abstract: During the production of methanol from inert-rich syngas, a catalytic pre-reactor is installed upstream of the single- or multi-stage synthesis loop, a first part of the syngas being converted to methanol in the catalytic pre-reactor. An inert gas separation stage, for example a pressure swing adsorption system or a membrane system, can be connected downstream of the synthesis loop, whereby a hydrogen-enriched syngas stream can be returned to the synthesis loop. In the processing of methane-rich syngas, the inert gas separation stage may also have an autothermal reformer in which methane is converted to carbon oxides and hydrogen, which are also returned into the synthesis loop.

Abstract: A method for producing methanol from a synthesis gas containing hydrogen and carbon oxides with a high content of inert components includes passing the synthesis gas through a synthesis reactor so as to catalytically convert a part of the carbon oxides to methanol. The methanol is separated from the obtained mixture from the reactor. The mixture liberated from methanol is separated into a cycle stream and a purge stream. The cycle stream is recirculated so as to form a synthesis circle and combined with a fresh gas stream including hydrogen and carbon oxides before being charged into the synthesis reactor. The purge stream is supplied to a secondary reactor so as to catalytically convert a further part of the hydrogen and carbon oxides to methanol. Further methanol is separated the obtained mixture including synthesis gas, inert components and methanol vapor.

Abstract: A method for reforming hydrocarbon-containing feed gas into synthesis gas, involving processing of the feed gas by pre-reforming at least partially converting one or more higher hydrocarbons into methane, and heating the feed gas by exothermic catalytic partial oxidation of hydrocarbons before the introduction thereof into the main reforming zone, and, subsequent to the pre-reforming, reforming the pre-reformed product with the addition of a controlled quantity of an oxidizing agent.

Abstract: A method for producing methanol from inert-rich syngas includes installing a catalytic pre-reactor is upstream of the single or mufti-stage synthesis loop, a first part of the syngas being converted to methanol in the catalytic pre-reactor. Furthermore, an inert gas separation stage, for example a pressure swing adsorption system or a membrane system, is connected downstream of the synthesis loop, whereby a hydrogen-enriched syngas stream can be returned to the synthesis loop. In the processing of methane-rich syngas, the inert gas separation stage may also comprise an autothermal reformer in which methane is converted to carbon oxides and hydrogen, which are also returned into the synthesis loop.

Abstract: In the production of methanol from a synthesis gas containing hydrogen and carbon oxides, the synthesis gas is passed through a first, preferably water-cooled reactor, in which a part of the carbon oxides is catalytically converted to methanol. The obtained mixture containing synthesis gas and methanol vapor is supplied to a second, preferably gas-cooled reactor, in which a further part of the carbon oxides is converted to methanol. Subsequently, methanol is separated from the synthesis gas, and the synthesis gas is recirculated to the first reactor. To achieve a maximum methanol yield even with an aged catalyst, a partial stream of the synthesis gas is guided past the first reactor and introduced directly into the second reactor.

Abstract: When producing synthesis gas from a starting material containing hydrocarbons, in particular natural gas, a feed stream of the starting material is divided into a first partial stream and a second partial stream. The first partial stream is supplied to a steam reformer (4), in which together with steam it is catalytically converted to a gas stream containing carbon oxides. Then, the first partial stream is again combined with the second partial stream and the combined gas stream is supplied to an autothermal reformer (7), in which together with gas rich in oxygen it is autothermally reformed to a synthesis gas in the presence of a cracking catalyst. Processing a starting material with a high content of higher hydrocarbons is made possible in that before the steam reformer (4) and before the autothermal reformer (7) the entire starting material is supplied to a pre-reformer (2) in which the starting material largely is liberated from higher hydrocarbons.

Abstract: A method for producing methanol from a synthesis gas containing hydrogen and carbon oxides with a high content of inert components includes passing the synthesis gas through a synthesis reactor so as to catalytically convert a part of the carbon oxides to methanol. The methanol is separated from the obtained mixture from the reactor. The mixture liberated from methanol is separated into a cycle stream and a purge stream. The cycle stream is recirculated so as to form a synthesis circle and combined with a fresh gas stream including hydrogen and carbon oxides before being charged into the synthesis reactor. The purge stream is supplied to a secondary reactor so as to catalytically convert a further part of the hydrogen and carbon oxides to methanol. Further methanol is separated the obtained mixture including synthesis gas, inert components and methanol vapor.

Abstract: In the production of methanol from a synthesis gas containing hydrogen and carbon oxides, the synthesis gas is passed through a first, preferably water-cooled reactor, in which a part of the carbon oxides is catalytically converted to methanol. The obtained mixture containing synthesis gas and methanol vapor is supplied to a second, preferably gas-cooled reactor, in which a further part of the carbon oxides is converted to methanol. Subsequently, methanol is separated from the synthesis gas, and the synthesis gas is recirculated to the first reactor. To achieve a maximum methanol yield even with an aged catalyst, a partial stream of the synthesis gas is guided past the first reactor and introduced directly into the second reactor.

Abstract: When producing synthesis gas from a starting material containing hydrocarbons, in particular natural gas, a feed stream of the starting material is divided into a first partial stream and a second partial stream. The first partial stream is supplied to a steam reformer (4), in which together with steam it is catalytically converted to a gas stream containing carbon oxides. Then, the first partial stream is again combined with the second partial stream and the combined gas stream is supplied to an autothermal reformer (7), in which together with gas rich in oxygen it is autothermally reformed to a synthesis gas in the presence of a cracking catalyst. Processing a starting material with a high content of higher hydrocarbons is made possible in that before the steam reformer (4) and before the autothermal reformer (7) the entire starting material is supplied to a pre-reformer (2) in which the starting material largely is liberated from higher hydrocarbons.