Abstract: In a method for characterizing skin treatment agent, a device having several sets of electrodes is applied to the skin. The electrode sets have differing electrode distances, such that fields having different reach can be generated. Inverse profiling is used to calculate the dielectric permittivities of individual skin layers, which in turn allows to observe the water transport mechanism in the skin. These transport mechanisms can be used to assess the effect of the agent on the skin. An advantageous device for implementing this method comprises coplanar waveguides for generating the fields.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for measuring the response of the tissue of a human or animal body to an electromagnetic field, comprising the steps of i) treatment of a skin area of said body with a topical composition comprising one or more reversible mnAChR-antagonists, ii) applying to the treated skin area a measuring device and iii) measuring by means of said measuring device at least one parameter depending on a response to said electromagnetic field; to a method for measuring in vivo the glucose content in blood and to topical compositions useful in said methods

Abstract: A device for measuring the glucose level in living tissue has electrodes (5, 6) for being brought into contact with the specimen and a voltage-controlled oscillator (31) as a signal source for generating an AC voltage in a given frequency range. The AC voltage is applied to the electrodes (5, 6). A voltage over the electrodes is fed to a processing circuitry (37, 38), which converts it to the glucose level using calibration data. The voltage-controlled oscillator (31) has a symmetric design with adjustable gain for generating signals in a large frequency range with low distortions at a low supply voltage. The processing circuit comprises a simple rectifier network with software-based correction. The electrodes (5, 6) are of asymmetric design and optimized for biological compatibility.

Abstract: For measuring the concentration of a substance in body fluid, such as the glucose level in blood or tissue, a strip electrode (18) and a ring electrode (19) are arranged at the specimen. The ring electrode (19) is in direct electrical contact with the specimen while the strip electrode (18) is electrically insulated therefrom. The strip electrode (18) is arranged parallel to an arm or a leg for obtaining a large interaction length. The electrodes (18, 19) form a capacitor in a resonant circuit. A modulated voltage in the MHz range close to or at the resonance frequency is applied to the electrodes and the response of the body fluid is measured. This design allows a measurement of high accuracy.

Abstract: The apparatus for the non-invasive glucose detection comprises an electrical detection device (2) for measuring the response of the tissue or blood to an electric field at low frequencies below 1 MHz and at high frequencies above 10 MHz. The former is primarily dominated by skin hydration and sweat, while the latter contains contributions from the current glucose level. Combining the two signals allows an increased degree of accuracy. The apparatus further comprises a force or acceleration sensor (4, 5), which allows to detect the pressure of the apparatus against the skin and/or quick movements. Further sensor modules, such as a temperature sensor (6) or alternative perfusion sensor (7), improve the accuracy of the measured result.

Abstract: A method and system for non-invasive determination of at least one condition of a living organism selected from physiological conditions and emotional states of the living organism are described. The method comprises sensing electromagnetic waves emanated from a skin portion in an extremely high frequency (EHF) band, and obtaining from the sensed electromagnetic waves at least one unique biometric signature of the living organism indicative of the organism condition. The system includes an antenna array unit configured for sensing the electromagnetic waves emanated from the skin portion; and a receiving unit configured and operable for obtaining the unique biometric signature. The sensed electromagnetic waves are indicative of bioelectric activity of neurally connected and electromagnetically interacting structures distributed in a skin portion of the living organism.

Abstract: The device of the present invention comprises a ring (1) of a ferrite material and two coils (4, 5) wound around it. A alternating current is fed to one of the coils (4). This current gives rise to an alternating magnetic field within and along the ring, which in turn generates an alternating electric field. A specimen (3) is placed in the alternating electric field. The dielectric properties of the specimen (3) affect the electric field, which in turn induces a magnetic field and generates currents in the coils (4, 5). As the dielectric properties of the specimen (3) depend on its glucose level, the glucose level can therefore be measured by determining a parameter depending on the inductances of the coils.

Abstract: A device for measuring a glucose level or some other parameter of living tissue that affects the dielectric properties of the tissue is disclosed. The device comprises an electrode arrangement (5) having a plurality of electrodes (5-i). The signal from a signal source (31) can be applied to the electrode arrangement via a switching assembly (39). The switching assembly (39) is designed to selectively connect a first and a second pattern of the electrodes (5-i) to the signal source, thereby generating a first and a second electrical field with different spatial distribution in the tissue. By using a differential method which relies on measuring the impedance of the electrode arrangement (5) for each field and on suitable subtraction of the measured results, surface effects can be reduced and the focus of the measurement can be offset to a point deeper inside the tissue.

Abstract: One aspect of the invention provides a device that non-invasively determines the concentration of a substance in a target. The device includes a first electrode, a measuring circuit, and a data processor. In one embodiment of the device, the first electrode can be electrically insulated from the target, e.g., a cover layer of insulating material covers the first electrode.

Abstract: A device (100) for measuring the glucose level in a living body comprises an electrode arrangement (5, 6) to be applied to a surface of the body. The glucose level is derived from the response of the electrode arrangement (5, 6) to an electrical signal. Two temperature sensors (15, 22) are arranged at different positions within the device (100), the signals of which are used during calibration and measurements to improve the accuracy of the device. A further increase of accuracy is achieved by using an interpolation method during calibration. In addition, caused by a displacement of the device are applied. The device can also be used for a prediction of hyper- or hypoglycemia based on limits for the higher order derivatives of the glucose level.

Abstract: In order to measure the glucose level in the body tissue of a subject, a probe is applied the subject's skin. Electric pulses from a pulse generator are fed to the probe and partially reflected back to a measuring device, where a time resolved measurement is made. The charge obtained from an integration of the measured voltage is transformed to a glucose level using data from a calibration table. This method allows to monitor glucose non-invasively.

Abstract: One aspect of the invention provides a device that non-invasively determines the concentration of a substance in a target. The device includes a first electrode, a measuring circuit, and a data processor. In one embodiment of the device, the first electrode can be electrically insulated from the target, e.g., a cover layer of insulating material covers the first electrode.

Abstract: The device of the present invention comprises a ring (1) of a ferrite material and two coils (4, 5) wound around it. A alternating current is fed to one of the coils (4). This current gives rise to an alternating magnetic field within and along the ring, which in turn generates an alternating electric field. A specimen (3) is placed in the alternating electric field. The dielectric properties of the specimen (3) affect the electric field, which in turn induces a magnetic field and generates currents in the coils (4, 5). As the dielectric properties of the specimen (3) depend on its glucose level, the glucose level can therefore be measured by determining a parameter depending on the inductances of the coils.

Abstract: In order to measure the glucose level in the body tissue of a subject (1), a probe (5) is applied the subject's skin. Electric pulses from a pulse generator (2) are fed to the probe and partially reflected back to a measuring device (7), where a time resolved measurement is made. The charge obtained from an integration of the measured voltage is transformed to a glucose level using data from a calibration table (9). This method allows to monitor glucose non-invasively.

Abstract: One aspect of the invention provides a device that non-invasively determines the concentration of a substance in a target. The device includes a first electrode, a measuring circuit, and a data processor. In one embodiment of the device, the first electrode can be electrically insulated from the target, e.g., a cover layer of insulating material covers the first electrode.

Abstract: For measuring the concentration of a substance in body fluid, such as the glucose level in blood or tissue, a strip electrode (18) and a ring electrode (19) are arranged at the specimen. The ring electrode (19) is in direct electrical contact with the specimen while the strip electrode (18) is electrically insulated therefrom. The strip electrode (18) is arranged parallel to an arm or a leg for obtaining a large interaction length. The electrodes (18, 19) form a capacitor in a resonant circuit. A modulated voltage in the MHz range close to or at the resonance frequency is applied to the electrodes and the response of the body fluid is measured. This design allows a measurement of high accuracy.