Abstract: An electronic circuit card comprises a printed circuit board (PCB) with electronic components thereon. The electronic components comprise drivers for transmitting TX signals and receivers for receiving RX signals, according to several groups of interface signals. There is further provided a connector edge, arranged at an edge of the card, and configured to allow the card to be connected to an external connector. This connector edge comprises two subsets of symmetric pins on respective (opposite) sides thereof. The drivers and the receivers are connected to the pins, for respectively conveying the TX signals and the RX signals. Pins are assigned such that, for each of the several groups of supported interface signals, any pin (of any of the subsets) connected to transmit TX signals is located opposite a pin (of the other subset) connected to receive RX signals. Pairs of consecutive pins (on each side) typically come in differential pairs.

Abstract: A method for operating a system having a plurality of internal combustion engines coupled together such that then outputs are drawn off by a common load, a downstream individual exhaust gas aftertreatment device, in which the exhaust gas of a particular engine undergoes an individual exhaust gas aftertreatment, positioned downstream of each engine, or a common exhaust gas aftertreatment device, in which the exhaust gas undergoes a common exhaust gas aftertreatment, positioned downstream of to the engine. To regenerate an exhaust gas aftertreatment device, the drive output of one engine is reduced, the temperature of the exhaust gas is increased, and the drive output of a second engine is increased such that the drive output reduction is at least partially compensated for.

Abstract: An exhaust gas aftertreatment system for a vehicle operated by a combustion engine, in particular for a watercraft, includes a turbine of an exhaust turbocharger in an exhaust line, and at least one storage device, by which at least some of the sulphur pollutants contained in the exhaust gas can be stored and/or put into intermediate storage, at least for a defined period of time. According to the invention, particularly for storing the sulphur pollutants in the high-pressure region, the at least one storage device is arranged in the exhaust line upstream of the at least one turbine in a high pressure region of the exhaust line.

Abstract: A catalyst unit for an exhaust gas catalyst, having a ceramic catalyst body, and a metallic housing which encloses the catalyst body at least in some sections perpendicular to a gas throughflow direction. At least one bearing mat positioned between the catalyst body and the housing perpendicular to the throughflow direction. The catalyst body is retained in the housing via a force-closed press fit with the intermediate arrangement of the or each bearing mat such that, when seen in the throughflow direction of the catalyst body, the press fit between the housing and the catalyst body is formed exclusively at defined axial positions, the housing having groove-like depressions at the defined axial positions for reducing in some sections the inner cross-section of the housing, and the press fit between the housing and the catalyst body being formed exclusively in the region of the groove-like depressions.

Abstract: A catalyst unit includes: a ceramic catalyst body through which exhaust gas flows and having a substantially cuboid contour with a substantially rectangular inflow side and a substantially rectangular outflow side; a housing that at least partially encloses the catalyst body, and at least one bearing mat positioned in a gap formed between the catalyst body and the housing. Borders or edges of the catalyst body, which delimit the inflow side and the outflow side, each have dimensions of between 210 mm and 280 mm. The gap between the catalyst body and the housing, seen perpendicularly to the throughflow direction of the catalyst body, has a dimension determined according to the following relationship: s?p*5, s being the dimension of the gap in mm and p the dimensionless amount of the density of the or each bearing mat expressed in kg/m2.

Abstract: An exhaust gas retreatment system of an internal combustion engine includes a particle filter; and a sensor positioned, in a flow direction of the exhaust gas, downstream of the particle filter. The sensor is configured to measure the oxygen content and/or the NOx content in the exhaust gas downstream of the particle filter.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for converting an alcohol into a fuel mixture which consists of alcohol, ether and water and is suitable for operating a combustion engine, in particular an internal combustion engine in a motor vehicle, converts the alcohol into the fuel mixture in a reactor at a suitable reaction temperature. The mixing ratio of alcohol fraction, ether fraction and water fraction in the fuel mixture is adjusted by controlling at least one reaction parameter of a reaction taking place in the reactor.

Abstract: A method for desulphurizing an exhaust-gas recirculation flow of an internal combustion engine supplied to the internal combustion engine on the fresh-air side includes branching a partial exhaust-gas flow from the exhaust-gas flow of the internal combustion engine. At least one reactant is supplied to the partial exhaust-gas flow that splits to form ammonia, and the thus laden partial exhaust-gas flow is supplied partially, as an exhaust-gas recirculation flow, to the fresh-air side and partially, as an aftertreatment partial flow, to an exhaust-gas aftertreatment system. The flow rate of the exhaust-gas recirculation flow supplied to the fresh-air side and the flow rate of the aftertreatment partial flow supplied to the exhaust gas aftertreatment system are predefined and/or varied by a regulating device as a function of at least one operating parameter that defines the respective operating state of the internal combustion engine.

Abstract: An electronic chip is disclosed, including at least one electronic circuit and two or more contact-making pins, wherein the chip additionally has at least one fixing pin. A sensor arrangement is also disclosed for detecting at least one physical or chemical variable relating to a carrier. The sensor arrangement has at least one sensor element which is directly or indirectly coupled to the carrier, and also has an electronic interface arrangement with at least one leadframe, at least one electronic circuit connected to the leadframe, and also at least one electrically insulating housing part which is embodied in such a way that it performs at least one of the functions of (i) at least partly enclosing the at least one electronic circuit, and (ii) mechanically supporting at least parts of the leadframe to one another.

Abstract: The present invention is notably directed to a printed circuit board, or PCB. This PCB has two main surfaces, each delimited by lateral edges, as well as lateral surfaces, each meeting each of the two main surfaces at one lateral edge. The present PCB further comprises a row of solder pads, which extends along a lateral edge of the PCB. Each solder pad is formed directly at the lateral edge and/or directly on a lateral surface (meeting one of the two main surfaces at said lateral edge). I.e., each pad interrupts a lateral edge and/or an adjoining lateral surface. One or more chips, e.g., memory chips, can be mounted on such a PCB to form an IC package. The above solder pad arrangement allows particularly dense arrangements of IC packages to be obtained. The present invention is further directed to related devices and methods of fabrication thereof.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for converting an alcohol into a fuel mixture which consists of alcohol, ether and water and is suitable for operating a combustion engine, in particular an internal combustion engine in a motor vehicle, converts the alcohol into the fuel mixture in a reactor at a suitable reaction temperature. The mixing ratio of alcohol fraction, ether fraction and water fraction in the fuel mixture is adjusted by controlling at least one reaction parameter of a reaction taking place in the reactor.

Abstract: An exhaust gas after-treatment system for an internal combustion engine, with a particle filter arranged downstream of an internal combustion engine for filtering soot out of the exhaust gas, and with an oxidation catalytic converter arranged upstream of the particle filter and downstream of the internal combustion engine for the oxidation of SO2 into SO3. The SO3 and/or precipitated H2SO4 serves for the oxidation of soot in the particle filter and thus for the regeneration of the particle filter.

Abstract: A method of operating components for exhaust gas after-treatment disposed in the exhaust gas tract of a turbocharged internal combustion engine. A partial exhaust gas stream is removed from the main exhaust gas stream upstream of at least one exhaust gas turbine. The partial exhaust gas stream is fed back into the main exhaust gas stream downstream of the at least one exhaust gas turbine. The feed is located, in terms of exhaust flow, between an NO oxidation catalytic converter and a particle filter (i.e., the exhaust gas after-treatment component). That is, the at least one exhaust gas after-treatment component is arranged downstream of the feed. The quantity of exhaust gas branched off as a partial exhaust gas stream is controlled or closed-loop controlled as a function of at least one target temperature in at least one defined point in the exhaust gas tract, in particular in the partial exhaust gas stream and/or of the at least one exhaust gas after-treatment component.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine includes: plural cylinders, a first exhaust gas turbocharger having a high-pressure turbine and a high-pressure compressor, a second exhaust gas turbocharger having a low-pressure turbine and a low-pressure compressor, and an SCR catalytic converter positioned between the high-pressure turbine and the low-pressure turbine, via which exhaust gas leaving the high-pressure turbine is conducted upstream of the low-pressure turbine. The low-pressure compressor is assigned a power take-in, via which the low-pressure compressor can be driven when as a consequence of a relatively large exhaust gas temperature drop at the SCR catalytic converter via the low-pressure turbine an adequate amount of energy required to supply the cylinders of the internal combustion engine with a desired quantity of charge air can no longer be provided.

Abstract: Method for the operation of an internal combustion engine having a plurality of cylinders (11 to detect misfires. An exhaust gas sensor at the exhaust gas of every cylinder of the internal combustion engine measures at least one actual exhaust gas value individually for the respective cylinder, and the respective measured actual exhaust gas value is compared with a reference exhaust gas value to determine at least one cylinder-specific deviation between the reference exhaust gas value and the actual exhaust gas value for each of the cylinders. It is determined for every cylinder based on the cylinder-specific deviation or based on every cylinder-specific deviation whether or not misfires are occurring at the respective cylinder.

Abstract: A method for operating an internal combustion engine having a plurality of cylinders includes: measuring, by exhaust gas sensors arranged at an exhaust gas of every cylinder for which cylinder-specific combustion control is carried out, for each respective cylinder, at least one actual combustion value; comparing each respective measured actual combustion value with a reference combustion value to determine at least one cylinder-specific control deviation for every cylinder for which cylinder-specific combustion control is carried out; determining at least one cylinder-specific control variable for every cylinder for which cylinder-specific combustion control is carried out based on the cylinder-specific control deviation or on every cylinder-specific control deviation; and operating each cylinder for which cylinder-specific combustion control is carried out based on the respective cylinder-specific control variable to bring the respective actual combustion value closer to the respective reference combustion

Abstract: An exhaust gas aftertreatment system for a vehicle operated by a combustion engine, in particular for a watercraft, includes a turbine of an exhaust turbocharger in an exhaust line, and at least one storage device, by which at least some of the sulphur pollutants contained in the exhaust gas can be stored and/or put into intermediate storage, at least for a defined period of time. According to the invention, particularly for storing the sulphur pollutants in the high-pressure region, the at least one storage device is arranged in the exhaust line upstream of the at least one turbine in a high pressure region of the exhaust line.

Abstract: A method is provided for operating a vehicle, in particular a watercraft, with at least one combustion engine that emits pollutants contained in an exhaust gas or wastewater. The current position of the vehicle is determined by a location determination. A closed-loop and/or open-loop control device is provided which sets or adjusts the quantity of at least one pollutant emitted by the combustion engine in a self-acting manner or automatically, in accordance with the determined position of the vehicle and with information on local pollutant regulations, in particular exhaust and/or water regulations.

Abstract: A method for operating an internal combustion engine having a motor and an exhaust gas aftertreatment system having an exhaust gas aftertreatment component, wherein exhaust gas formed in the motor during combustion of fuel is guided via the exhaust gas aftertreatment system for cleaning, includes: determining an exhaust gas actual value that depends upon an actual value of a nitrogen dioxide fraction in the exhaust gas upstream of the exhaust gas aftertreatment component; and changing at least one operating parameter for the motor such that the actual value of the nitrogen dioxide fraction is brought closer to a corresponding reference value for the nitrogen dioxide fraction.

Abstract: A method for an exhaust-gas aftertreatment system which is operated on an internal combustion engine operated with an excess of air, in which exhaust-gas aftertreatment system soot particles are separated out of exhaust gas by a particle filter and the particle filter is regenerated with the aid of NO2 formed on an NO oxidation catalytic converter mounted upstream of the particle filter. A reduction of the nitrogen oxides is realized by a reducing agent which splits to form ammonia being metered into the exhaust-gas flow upstream of the particle filter and the particle filter is laden with a catalytically active material for the selective catalytic reduction of nitrogen oxides. The NH3 to NOx ratio (feed ratio ?) is varied in phases by changing the nitrogen oxide untreated emissions and/or the supplied amount of reducing agent, in such a way that the feed ratio ? alternates in phases between values of greater than one and values of less than one.