Abstract: Apparatus being a first or second apparatus comprising a transceiver and configured to communicate to a second apparatus; wherein the first apparatus is configured to transmit first and second reference signal also referred to as double burst forward link to the second apparatus so that the second apparatus receives the first and the second reference signal in order to calculate a first phase difference d?1 (d?1=angle(RS22,RX)?angle(RS21,RX)) between the first and the second reference signal and/or to report the first phase difference d?1; wherein the first apparatus is configured to receive from the second apparatus third and fourth reference signal also referred to as to double burst return link in response to the first and second reference signal in order to calculate a second phase difference d?2 (d?2=angle(RS12,RX)?angle(RS11,RX)) between the third and the fourth reference signal, and/or to report second phase difference d?2; wherein a distance and/or a distance change and/or a relative speed (v) of the

Abstract: An apparatus for a wireless communication system is provided. The apparatus is to transmit a reference signal on a common set of resource elements (REs), the common set of resource elements being used by one or more further apparatuses in the wireless communication system, so that the reference signal of the apparatus and one or more further reference signals of the one or more further apparatuses use the same resource elements. Moreover, the apparatus is to transmit the reference signal depending on a base sequence or a sequence derived from the base sequence and depending on a set of configuration parameters.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus for determining the position and orientation of a mobile transmitter that has at least two linearly polarized antennas arranged at a predefined angle to one another. A plurality of receivers, which can be synchronized with the mobile transmitter and of which the position is known, each receive transmitter signals of predefined carrier frequency via a circularly polarized antenna. A field-theoretical model of the transmission path between the mobile transmitter and receivers is set up and defines the carrier phase measured values, the field-theoretical model is implemented in a Kalman filter, and the receiver signals are evaluated in terms of carrier phase measured values and/or time of arrival values. The position and orientation of the mobile transmitter are determined in the Kalman filter with use of the field-theoretical model and the carrier phase measured values and/or time of arrival values established from the receiver signals.

Abstract: A device and method for determining a distance and/or orientation of a movable object includes a transmitter that is located on the object and a receiver. One of the transmitter and the receiver has an antenna having a known polarization plane. The other of the transmitter and the receiver has a counterclockwise circular polarized antenna and a clockwise circular polarized antenna.

Abstract: A system for determining the movement of a swaying structure, on which a receiver is fixedly mounted, is proposed, wherein at least three reference transmitters having known and fixed positions are provided and transmit the transmission signals received by the receiver at defined carrier frequencies. In addition, an evaluation unit is provided, which determines measured phase values from the received signals, taking into account the defined carrier frequency, wherein the distance from the reference transmitters and the changes in position of the receiver and therefore of the swaying structure can be calculated from said phase values.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus for determining the position and orientation of a mobile transmitter that has at least two linearly polarized antennas arranged at a predefined angle to one another. A plurality of receivers, which can be synchronized with the mobile transmitter and of which the position is known, each receive transmitter signals of predefined carrier frequency via a circularly polarized antenna. A field-theoretical model of the transmission path between the mobile transmitter and receivers is set up and defines the carrier phase measured values, the field-theoretical model is implemented in a Kalman filter, and the receiver signals are evaluated in terms of carrier phase measured values and/or time of arrival values. The position and orientation of the mobile transmitter are determined in the Kalman filter with use of the field-theoretical model and the carrier phase measured values and/or time of arrival values established from the receiver signals.

Abstract: In a method for estimating a deviation between a free-running transmitter clock and a reference clock, at a receiver stationary with respect to a transmitter, a transmitter signal generated by the transmitter on the basis of the transmitter clock is received. On the basis of the reference clock, a time of arrival of the transmitter signal and a beat phase of the transmitter signals carrier is determined. On the basis of a clock error model, the time of arrival and the beat phase, the deviation between the transmitter clock and the reference clock is estimated. The clock error model is derived by fitting a correlation function of a stochastic model to a measured auto correlation function of the transmitter clock. Deviations for a plurality of transmitters may be estimated and the transmitters may be virtually synchronized based on the estimations.

Abstract: A method and a device for determining the changing position of a mobile transmitter in a three-dimensional space is proposed in which transmitted signals are issued at a pre-determined frequency from a mobile transmitter, wherein a plurality of receivers receive said transmitted signals. An evaluation device evaluates the received signals for generating correlation curves between the transmitted and the received signals. From the curves of magnitude versus time, TOA values are determined, and from curves in the complex plane, phase values are determined using the time information from the TOA values. The position of the mobile transmitter is calculated as a function of TOA values and of phase or phase difference values.

Abstract: A system for determining the movement of a swaying structure, on which a receiver is fixedly mounted, is proposed, wherein at least three reference transmitters having known and fixed positions are provided and transmit the transmission signals received by the receiver at defined carrier frequencies. In addition, an evaluation unit is provided, which determines measured phase values from the received signals, taking into account the defined carrier frequency, wherein the distance from the reference transmitters and the changes in position of the receiver and therefore of the swaying structure can be calculated from said phase values.

Abstract: A method and a device for determining the changing position of a mobile transmitter in a three-dimensional space is proposed in which transmitted signals are issued at a pre-determined frequency from a mobile transmitter, wherein a plurality of receivers receive said transmitted signals. An evaluation device evaluates the received signals for generating correlation curves between the transmitted and the received signals. From the curves of magnitude versus time, TOA values are determined, and from curves in the complex plane, phase values are determined using the time information from the TOA values. The position of the mobile transmitter is calculated as a function of TOA values and of phase or phase difference values.

Abstract: A device and method for determining a distance and/or orientation of a movable object includes a transmitter that is located on the object and a receiver. One of the transmitter and the receiver has an antenna having a known polarization plane. The other of the transmitter and the receiver has a counterclockwise circular polarized antenna and a clockwise circular polarized antenna.

Abstract: In a method for estimating a deviation between a free-running transmitter clock and a reference clock, at a receiver stationary with respect to a transmitter, a transmitter signal generated by the transmitter on the basis of the transmitter clock is received. On the basis of the reference clock, a time of arrival of the transmitter signal and a beat phase of the transmitter signals carrier is determined. On the basis of a clock error model, the time of arrival and the beat phase, the deviation between the transmitter clock and the reference clock is estimated. The clock error model is derived by fitting a correlation function of a stochastic model to a measured auto correlation function of the transmitter clock. Deviations for a plurality of transmitters may be estimated and the transmitters may be virtually synchronized based on the estimations.