Abstract: A monopile comprising a body (1) having a hollow interior, a toe (9) at a distal end for insertion into a soil (19) during monopile installation, and a proximal end region (2) for supporting a structure (7), such as a wind turbine tower, once the monopile has been installed. The body (1) further comprises a door aperture (12) provided in the body (1) for accessing the interior of the body (1). The door aperture (12) is configured to receive a door assembly (6,18) once the monopile (1) has been installed.

Abstract: A vehicle system provides an excitation signal to an electrochemical system for use in Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy diagnostics. The electrochemical system is connectable to the vehicle system and the vehicle system includes a power stage, such as a charger, connectable to the electrochemical system for supplying electrical energy to the electrochemical system, and/or connectable to the electro-chemical system for withdrawing electrical energy from the electrochemical system, and an Excitation Generation Unit comprised by the power stage or operatively connected to the power stage. The Excitation Generation Unit is adapted for instructing the power stage to generate an excitation signal for use in the Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy diagnostics, and the power stage is adapted for generating the excitation signal and supplying the excitation signal to the electrochemical system when so instructed by the Excitation Generation Unit.

Abstract: The invention pertains to a method of determining the State of Health (SoH) and/or State of Charge (SoC) of a rechargeable battery during use of said battery, the method comprising the steps of: generating a first excitation signal within a first selected frequency range, generating a second excitation signal within a second selected frequency range, applying said first and second excitation signals on said rechargeable battery, measuring the response signal for each of said two excitation signals, and then calculate the Electrochemical Impedance (El) as the ratio between the excitation signals and respective response signals, and then determine the SoH and/or SoC of the rechargeable battery by comparing the calculated El to a circuit model for the battery and/or determining the SoH and/or SoC of the rechargeable battery by directly evaluating characteristics of the El. The invention also pertains to a battery management system configured for executing the steps of the method according to the invention.

Abstract: A vehicle system provides an excitation signal to an electrochemical system for use in Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy diagnostics. The electrochemical system is connectable to the vehicle system and the vehicle system includes a power stage, such as a charger, connectable to the electrochemical system for supplying electrical energy to the electrochemical system, and/or connectable to the electro-chemical system for withdrawing electrical energy from the electrochemical system, and an Excitation Generation Unit comprised by the power stage or operatively connected to the power stage. The Excitation Generation Unit is adapted for instructing the power stage to generate an excitation signal for use in the Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy diagnostics, and the power stage is adapted for generating the excitation signal and supplying the excitation signal to the electrochemical system when so instructed by the Excitation Generation Unit.

Abstract: The invention pertains to a method of determining the State of Health (SoH) and/or State of Charge (SoC) of a rechargeable battery during use of said battery, the method comprising the steps of: generating a first excitation signal within a first selected frequency range, generating a second excitation signal within a second selected frequency range, applying said first and second excitation signals on said rechargeable battery, measuring the response signal for each of said two excitation signals, and then calculate the Electrochemical Impedance (EI) as the ratio between the excitation signals and respective response signals, and then determine the SoH and/or SoC of the rechargeable battery by comparing the calculated EI to a circuit model for the battery and/or determining the SoH and/or SoC of the rechargeable battery by directly evaluating characteristics of the EI. The invention also pertains to a battery management system configured for executing the steps of the method according to the invention.

Abstract: A composite panel having front and back faces, the panel comprising facing reinforcement, backing reinforcement and matrix material binding to the facing and backing reinforcements, the facing and backing reinforcements each independently comprising one or more reinforcing sheets, the facing reinforcement being located on or embedded in matrix material adjacent to the front face of the panel, the backing reinforcement being located in a plane or planes substantially parallel to the plane or planes of the facing reinforcement, and being substantially coextensive therewith, and spaced therefrom by matrix material, the facing and backing reinforcements being interconnected to resist out-of-plane relative movement. The reinforced composite panel is useful as a barrier element for shielding structures, equipment and personnel from blast and/or ballistic impact damage.