Abstract: A hydraulic device, in particular for actuating a clutch, including a hydraulic working cylinder, which is arranged near the clutch and which is connected to a volumetric flow source via a hydraulic line. The volumetric flow rate of the volumetric flow source can be influenced by a control unit according to signals of the sensors associated with the hydraulic device. The volumetric flow source is formed by a combination of an electric motor and a pump arranged in a common housing.

Abstract: A turbocharger for an internal combustion engine, in which a mechanical energy flow can be generated from an exhaust gas flow of the internal combustion engine for providing engine intake airfow under pressure. The turbocharger includes a mechanical energy converter connected between the exhaust gas flow and the intake airflow, by which converter the mechanical energy flow can be transferred and transmitted. The turbocharger also includes an electrical energy converter associated with the mechanical energy flow for converting mechanical energy into electrical energy, or vice versa, to enable improved intake airflow charging of an internal combustion engine. By means of the electrical energy converter, an electrical energy flow can be selectively branched off to a battery or fed into the mechanical energy flow.

Abstract: A planetary transmission having a continuously variable transmission ratio. The transmission includes two sun wheels having sun wheel circumferential surfaces, and that are axially spaced and rotatable independently of each other around the same axis of rotation. A ring wheel is situated on the same axis as the sun wheels and has an internal circumferential surface. Planet wheels are provided having planet wheel circumferential surfaces that are in frictional contact with the internal circumferential surface of the ring wheel and the sun wheel circumferential surfaces. A web element is also provided, and the planet wheels are each rotatable about an associated planet wheel axle, which is guided in the web element so that it is movable in the radial direction relative to the transmission longitudinal axis.

Abstract: A hydraulic system including a multi-flow hydraulic pressure supply unit, especially a dual-flow hydraulic pressure supply unit, such as a pump, by which a volumetric flow of pressurized fluid is supplied to a hydraulic-fluid-operated device. A valve arrangement is provided either for switching between the individual pump flows or for interconnecting the individual pump flows.

Abstract: An adjusting device including a CVT planetary roller transmission having two axially-spaced sun wheels that are rotatable about a common axis of rotation and at different speeds of rotation. Planet wheels contact and ride against peripheral surfaces of each of the sun wheels, and an axially displaceable ring wheel lies radially outwardly of the sun wheels and engages a peripheral groove formed in the sun wheels. When the ring wheel is axially displaced relative to the sun wheels the axes of rotation of the planet wheels tilt relative to the sun wheel axis resulting in a difference in the rotational speed of the sun wheels changes. The device can be employed as an adjusting device for adjusting the rotational speed of connected units, and also as a drive line component having a variable transmission ratio and situated in a power train of a motor vehicle.

Abstract: A turbocharger for an internal combustion engine, in which a mechanical energy flow can be generated for a intake airflow from an exhaust gas flow of the internal combustion engine. The turbocharger includes a mechanical energy converter connected between the exhaust gas flow and the intake airflow, by which converter the mechanical energy flow can be transferred and transmitted. The turbocharger also includes an electrical energy converter associated with the mechanical energy flow for converting electrical energy into mechanical energy, or vice versa, to enable improved intake airflow charging of an internal combustion engine. By means of the electrical energy converter, an electrical energy flow can be selectively branched off to a battery or fed into the mechanical energy flow.

Abstract: A planetary transmission having a continuously variable transmission ratio. The transmission includes two sun wheels having sun wheel circumferential surfaces, and that are axially spaced and rotatable independently of each other around the same axis of rotation. A ring wheel is situated on the same axis as the sun wheels and has an internal circumferential surface. Planet wheels are provided having planet wheel circumferential surfaces that are in frictional contact with the internal circumferential surface of the ring wheel and the sun wheel circumferential surfaces. A web element is also provided, and the planet wheels are each rotatable about an associated planet wheel axle, which is guided in the web element so that it is movable in the radial direction relative to the transmission longitudinal axis.

Abstract: A hydraulic system including a multi-flow hydraulic pressure supply unit, especially a dual-flow hydraulic pressure supply unit, such as a pump, by which a volumetric flow of pressurized fluid is supplied to a hydraulic-fluid-operated device. A valve arrangement is provided either for switching between the individual pump flows or for interconnecting the individual pump flows.

Abstract: An adjusting device including a CVT planetary roller transmission having two axially-spaced sun wheels that are rotatable about a common axis of rotation and at different speeds of rotation. Planet wheels contact and ride against peripheral surfaces of each of the sun wheels, and an axially displaceable ring wheel lies radially outwardly of the sun wheels and engages a peripheral groove formed in the sun wheels. When the ring wheel is axially displaced relative to the sun wheels the axes of rotation of the planet wheels tilt relative to the sun wheel axis resulting in a difference in the rotational speed of the sun wheels changes. The device can be employed as an adjusting device for adjusting the rotational speed of connected units, and also as a drive line component having a variable transmission ratio and situated in a power train of a motor vehicle.

Abstract: A method and apparatus to save fuel and to make efficient use of the possibilities of a power train including a transmission having a continuously variable transmission ratio. If the vehicle velocity exceeds a prescribed velocity the fuel supply to the engine is shut off, kinetic energy of the vehicle is stored in an energy storage device, and the transmission ratio of the transmission is shifted in the direction of a lower transmission ratio. If those measures are not sufficient the vehicle brakes are operated.

Abstract: A plate-link chain, in particular a toothed plate-link chain, is composed of adjacent plates and opposing plates that form chain links by sets of the link plates. One or more spacer elements are installed between adjacent link plates to enable assembly of a wider chain at a reduced chain weight as compared with a chain in which additional link plate sets are installed to increase the chain width. The spacer elements have openings to receive hinge pins that pass through the link plates. The openings of the spacer elements can include pairs of openings, a single oblong opening, or openings that include gaps to enable assembly of a spacer element in a manner similar to a spring clip.

Abstract: A method for controlling the adjustment of a continuously variable transmission in which pairs of conical disks are adjustable relative to each other so that transmission ratios can be set continuously between first and second shafts on which the respective conical disk pairs are positioned. In respective absolute end positions of the adjustable disks the transmission ratio assumes an extreme value. A control system provides that in a first adjustment range the adjustable disks are always kept within relative end positions that are at least at a defined distance from the absolute end positions. In a second operating state, the adjustment of the adjustable disks is controlled in such a way that the adjustable disks can be moved within a second adjustment range over the entire adjustment distance to the absolute end positions, so that in the second operating state a maximum possible spread of the transmission is utilized.

Abstract: A power-branched transmission having a steplessly adjustable transmission ratio. An input-side distributor transmission includes an input gear that is nonrotatably connected with an input shaft coupled to an engine. The power-branched transmission includes an output shaft and two clutches. The input gear of the distributor transmission is rotatably coupled with an input shaft of a variable speed drive unit. An output gear of the distributor transmission is rotatably engaged with an intermediate shaft that is arranged in a functionally parallel manner relative to the variable speed drive unit and is rotatably engaged with an output shaft of the variable speed drive unit. The intermediate shaft is operatively coupled with the output shaft through a first clutch and the input shaft of the variable speed drive unit is operatively coupled with the output shaft through a second clutch.

Abstract: A method and apparatus to save fuel and to make efficient use of the possibilities of a power train including a transmission having a continuously variable transmission ratio. If the vehicle velocity exceeds a prescribed velocity the fuel supply to the engine is shut off, kinetic energy of the vehicle is stored in an energy storage device, and the transmission ratio of the transmission is shifted in the direction of a lower transmission ratio. If those measures are not sufficient the vehicle brakes are operated.

Abstract: A power-branched transmission having a steplessly adjustable transmission ratio. An input-side distributor transmission includes an input gear that is nonrotatably connected with an input shaft coupled to an engine. The power-branched transmission includes an output shaft and two clutches. The input gear of the distributor transmission is rotatably coupled with an input shaft of a variable speed drive unit. An output gear of the distributor transmission is rotatably engaged with an intermediate shaft that is arranged in a functionally parallel manner relative to the variable speed drive unit and is rotatably engaged with an output shaft of the variable speed drive unit. The intermediate shaft is operatively coupled with the output shaft through a first clutch and the input shaft of the variable speed drive unit is operatively coupled with the output shaft through a second clutch.

Abstract: The invention relates to a hydraulic system comprising a multi-flow, especially dual-flow, hydraulic pressure supply unit, such as a pump, by which means a volume flow is supplied to a consumer. The invention is characterised in that a valve arrangement is provided for switching between the individual pump flows and/or for interconnecting the individual pump flows.

Abstract: A test wafer and method for investigating electrostatic discharge induced wafer defects are disclosed. The test wafer includes an electrostatic discharge (ESD) sensitive risk scale geometry, formed thereon. After exposure to a semiconductor manufacturing procedure, the test wafer may be analyzed by using the ESD risk scale geometry to identify and evaluate severity of any ESD effects associated with the semiconductor manufacturing procedure.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for monitoring and evaluating effects of electrostatic discharge associated with semiconductor manufacturing are disclosed. The method may include, for example, exposing a test photomask that contains an ESD sensitive geometry to a single or a variety of semiconductor manufacturing procedures. The test photomask may be analyzed to determine how much, if any, degradation of its geometry has occurred as a result of the exposure.

Abstract: A test wafer and method for investigating electrostatic discharge induced wafer defects are disclosed. The test wafer includes an electrostatic discharge (ESD) sensitive risk scale geometry, formed thereon. After exposure to a semiconductor manufacturing procedure, the test wafer may be analyzed by using the ESD risk scale geometry to identify and evaluate severity of any ESD effects associated with the semiconductor manufacturing procedure.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for monitoring and evaluating effects of electrostatic discharge associated with semiconductor manufacturing are disclosed. The method may include, for example, exposing a test photomask that contains an ESD sensitive geometry to a single or a variety of semiconductor manufacturing procedures. The test photomask may be analyzed to determine how much, if any, degradation of its geometry has occurred as a result of the exposure.