Abstract: The use of one or more wavefront modulators in the observation beam path and/or illumination beam path of a microscope provide various advantageous results. Such modulators may be adapted to change the phase and/or the amplitude of light in such a way to carry out displacement and shaping of the focus in the object space and correction of possible aberrations. The possible areas of use include confocal microscopy, laser-assisted microscopy, conventional light microscopy and analytic microscopy.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an optical projection grid (1) for producing a light distribution, which projection grid (1) has a transmittance distribution, wherein the transmittance distribution is formed by subregions (2a, 2b . . . 2i) containing transparent structures (5) and opaque structures (4). A plurality of structures of each type is distributed, in particular in an incoherent and alternating manner, within a subregion (2a, 2b, 2c, 2d, 2e, 2f, 2g, 2h, and 2i) and the ratio of transparent structures (5) to opaque structures (4) within a subregion (2a, 2b . . . 2i) is adjusted such that a transmittance index (Ta, Tb . . . Ti) assigned to a subregion (2a, 2b . . . 2i) is achieved at least in a statistical mean.

Abstract: The use of one or more wavefront modulators in the observation beam path and/or illumination beam path of a microscope provide various advantageous results. Such modulators may be adapted to change the phase and/or the amplitude of light in such a way to carry out displacement and shaping of the focus in the object space and correction of possible aberrations. The possible areas of use include confocal microscopy, laser-assisted microscopy, conventional light microscopy and analytic microscopy.

Abstract: A high-aperture objective comprising a first lens L1 with positive refractive power f1 and a second lens L2 with negative refractive power f2, wherein the focal length ratio between the two lenses is in the range of −0.4<(f1/f2)<−0.1 and the total refractive power 1/f1+1/f2 is greater than zero, two positive lenses L3, L4 whose ratio diameter d3, d4 to focal length f3, f4 satisfies the condition greater than 0.3 and less than 0.6:0.3<d3/f3<0.6, 0.3<d4/f4<0.6, a negative lens L5 and a collective lens L6, wherein the negative lens faces the front group and the focal length ratio of L5 and L6 f5/f6 is between −0.5 and −2:−0.5<f5/f6<−2.

Abstract: The use of one or more wavefront modulators in the observation beam path and/or illumination beam path of a microscope provide various advantageous results. Such modulators may be adapted to change the phase and/or the amplitude of light in such a way to carry out displacement and shaping of the focus in the object space and correction of possible aberrations. The possible areas of use include confocal microscopy, laser-assisted microscopy, conventional light microscopy and analytic microscopy.

Abstract: A high-aperture objective comprising a first lens L1 with positive refractive power f1 and a second lens L2 with negative refractive power f2, wherein the focal length ratio between the two lenses is in the range of −0.4<(f1/f2)<−0.1 and the total refractive power 1/f1+1/f2 is greater than zero, two positive lenses L3, L4 whose ratio diameter d3, d4 to focal length f3, f4 satisfies the condition greater than 0.3 and less than 0.6: 0.3<d3/f3<0.6, 0.3<d4/f4<0.6, a negative lens L5 and a collective lens L6, wherein the negative lens faces the front group and the focal length ratio of L5 and L6 f5/f6 is between −0.5 and −2: −0.5<f5/f6<−2.