Abstract: Disclosed is a method and an apparatus for measuring the growth of leaf disks. The method comprises the following steps: a) Calibrating the capture system, b) capturing at least 2 images of a leaf disk, c) processing the image data, comprising i) segmenting the leaf disks by threshold segmentation, ii) multiple morphological erosion steps, iii) edge cleaning to remove the edge of the storage vessel, d) 3D reconstruction: generating a disparity map by means of a stereo algorithm, calculating a 3D surface model based on the previously determined calibration parameters from the disparity map, e) smoothing the previously obtained surface model, f) determining the growth rates from the time series of the areas. The apparatus comprises at least one camera, a lighting unit, a translation table in the X/Y plane for the camera and (infrared) lighting, storage vessels for leaf disks, and electronic evaluation and control units.

Abstract: Aldehydes are produced by unmodified rhodium catalyzed hydroformylation process in a homogeneous organic phase using a solution of unmodified rhodium catalyst and an organic acid in a total amount, calculated as acid equivalent, of from greater than 3 moles to 3000 moles of acid per mole of rhodium. The organic acid is selected from: saturated aliphatic monocarboxylic acids having from 5 to 13 carbon atoms in the molecule; saturated aliphatic dicarboxylic acids having from 5 to 13 carbon atoms in the molecule; sulphonic acids having from 1 to 12 carbon atoms in the molecule; and combinations thereof. Use of the process can lead to either a significant increase in conversion without reducing selectivity for the desired aldehyde or a reduction in the specific use of rhodium.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method and an apparatus for measuring the growth of leaf disks. The method comprises the following steps: a) Calibrating the capture system, b) capturing at least 2 images of a leaf disk, c) processing the image data, comprising i) segmenting the leaf disks by threshold segmentation, ii) multiple morphological erosion steps, iii) edge cleaning to remove the edge of the storage vessel, d) 3D reconstruction: generating a disparity map by means of a stereo algorithm, calculating a 3D surface model based on the previously determined calibration parameters from the disparity map, e) smoothing the previously obtained surface model, f) determining the growth rates from the time series of the areas. The apparatus comprises at least one camera, a lighting unit, a translation table in the X/Y plane for the camera and (infrared) lighting, storage vessels for leaf disks, and electronic evaluation and control units.

Abstract: Systems and methods consistent with the invention may include generating, via a processor, an entity relationship model to indicate a plurality of types of relationships between the entities, determining relationships between the database tables corresponding to the entities by using the entity relationship model, wherein the database tables are stored in a computer memory device, generating a graph based on the entity relationship model, generating sets of database elements representing the entities and corresponding data objects stored in the database tables, wherein the element sets are generated based on the generated graph, assigning ordering numbers to the database element sets and database elements included in the database element sets and executing the query transaction by using the data objects in an order based on the ordering numbers.

Abstract: Aldehydes are produced by unmodified rhodium catalyzed hydroformylation process in a homogeneous organic phase using a solution of unmodified rhodium catalyst and an organic acid in a total amount, calculated as acid equivalent, of from greater than 3 moles to 3000 moles of acid per mole of rhodium. The organic acid is selected from: saturated aliphatic monocarboxylic acids having from 5 to 13 carbon atoms in the molecule; saturated aliphatic dicarboxylic acids having from 5 to 13 carbon atoms in the molecule; sulphonic acids having from 1 to 12 carbon atoms in the molecule; and combinations thereof. Use of the process can lead to either a significant increase in conversion without reducing selectivity for the desired aldehyde or a reduction in the specific use of rhodium.

Abstract: Systems and methods consistent with the invention may include generating, via a processor, an entity relationship model to indicate a plurality of types of relationships between the entities, determining relationships between the database tables corresponding to the entities by using the entity relationship model, wherein the database tables are stored in a computer memory device, generating a graph based on the entity relationship model, generating sets of database elements representing the entities and corresponding data objects stored in the database tables, wherein the element sets are generated based on the generated graph, assigning ordering numbers to the database element sets and database elements included in the database element sets and executing the query transaction by using the data objects in an order based on the ordering numbers.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for providing uniform infrastructure for accessing relational databases are described. A database access statement issued by a software application is received and parsed to determine portability of the database access statement across multiple databases. The database access statement is forwarded for execution if the database access statement is portable.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for providing uniform infrastructure for accessing relational databases are described. A database access statement issued by a software application is received and parsed to determine portability of the database access statement across multiple databases. The database access statement is forwarded for execution if the database access statement is portable.