Abstract: The invention relates to an energy storage system for a vehicle, in particular a starter battery for a vehicle, having a plurality of energy storage cells for providing and/or storing electric energy and a housing which has a plurality of wall elements that delimit the interior of the housing. The housing is designed to receive the plurality of energy storage cells in the interior of the housing. A plurality of separating walls are arranged in the interior of the housing in order to divide the interior of the housing into a plurality of chambers, wherein each chamber is designed to receiving an energy storage cell. A fluidic connection is formed between the individual chambers, and a ventilation valve is arranged on one of the wall elements, preferably a cover element, of the housing in a respective region paired with the corresponding chamber. At least one of the ventilation valves is an active ventilation valve, and the remaining ventilation valves are blind closures.

Abstract: The invention relates to an energy storage system for a vehicle, in particular a starter battery for a vehicle, having a plurality of energy storage cells for providing and/or storing electric energy and a housing which has a plurality of wall elements that delimit the interior of the housing. The housing is designed to receive the plurality of energy storage cells in the interior of the housing. A plurality of separating walls are arranged in the interior of the housing in order to divide the interior of the housing into a plurality of chambers, wherein each chamber is designed to receiving an energy storage cell. A fluidic connection is formed between the individual chambers, and a ventilation valve is arranged on one of the wall elements, preferably a cover element, of the housing in a respective region paired with the corresponding chamber. At least one of the ventilation valves is an active ventilation valve, and the remaining ventilation valves are blind closures.

Abstract: The invention relates to a gas discharge laser including a discharge tube (1), in which a gas is present and which has at least one aperture (19) through which a laser beam emerges or at which a laser beam is reflected. For withdrawing a partial amount of the gas contained in the discharge tube (1), at least one gas withdrawal point (9) is present, from which the withdrawn gas is supplied to a sintered filter (11) for being cleaned. The cleaned gas may be led in via at least one gas inlet point (27) in the zone of the aperture (19). The invention further relates to a method of operating a gas discharge laser, and the use of a sintered filter for cleaning gas withdrawn from a discharge tube (1) of a gas discharge laser.

Abstract: An F2-excimer laser has multiple closely-spaced spectral lines of interest around 157 nm, and one of the lines is selected by wavelength selection optics. The wavelength selection optics of a first preferred embodiment include a birefringent Brewster window enclosing the laser gas volume of the discharge chamber. The window preferably comprises MgF2 and is located at one end of the discharge chamber. One line is selected of the two when the optical thickness of the window is selected in coordination with rotatably adjustable, orthogonal refractive indices of the window. The transmissivity of the window is dependent on the orthogonal refractive indices and the optical thickness of the window. The wavelength selection optics of a second preferred embodiment include are at least partially within the laser active volume. In this way, line selection is performed in a manner which optimizes the combination of optical and discharge efficiency, resonator size and cost.

Abstract: The invention relates to a gas discharge laser including a discharge tube (1), in which a gas is present and which has at least one aperture (19) through which a laser beam emerges or at which a laser beam is reflected. For withdrawing a partial amount of the gas contained in the discharge tube (1), at least one gas withdrawal point (9) is present, from which the withdrawn gas is supplied to a sintered filter (11) for being cleaned. The cleaned gas may be led in via at least one gas inlet point (27) in the zone of the aperture (19). The invention further relates to a method of operating a gas discharge laser, and the use of a sintered filter for cleaning gas withdrawn from a discharge tube (1) of a gas discharge laser.

Abstract: An F2-excimer laser has multiple closely-spaced spectral lines of interest around 157 nm, and one of the lines is selected by wavelength selection optics. The wavelength selection optics of a first preferred embodiment include a birefringent Brewster window enclosing the laser gas volume of the discharge chamber. The window preferably comprises MgF2 and is located at one end of the discharge chamber. One line is selected of the two when the optical thickness of the window is selected in coordination with rotatably adjustable, orthogonal refractive indices of the window. The transmissivity of the window is dependent on the orthogonal refractive indices and the optical thickness of the window. The wavelength selection optics of a second preferred embodiment include are at least partially within the laser active volume. In this way, line selection is performed in a manner which optimizes the combination of optical and discharge efficiency, resonator size and cost.

Abstract: An F2-excimer laser has multiple closely-spaced spectral lines of interest around 157 nm, and one of the lines is selected by wavelength selection optics. The wavelength selection optics of a first preferred embodiment include a birefringent Brewster window enclosing the laser gas volume of the discharge chamber. The window preferably comprises MgF2 and is located at one end of the discharge chamber. One line is selected of the two when the optical thickness of the window is selected in coordination with rotatably adjustable, orthogonal refractive indices of the window. The transmissivity of the window is dependent on the orthogonal refractive indices and the optical thickness of the window. The wavelength selection optics of a second preferred embodiment include are at least partially within the laser active volume. In this way, line selection is performed in a manner which optimizes the combination of optical and discharge efficiency, resonator size and cost.

Abstract: An F2-excimer laser has multiple closely-spaced spectral lines of interest around 157 nm, and one of the lines is selected by wavelength selection optics. The wavelength selection optics of a first preferred embodiment include a birefringent Brewster window enclosing the laser gas volume of the discharge chamber. The window preferably comprises MgF2 and is located at one end of the discharge chamber. One line is selected of the two when the optical thickness of the window is selected in coordination with rotatably adjustable, orthogonal refractive indices of the window. The transmissivity of the window is dependent on the orthogonal refractive indices and the optical thickness of the window. The wavelength selection optics of a second preferred embodiment include are at least partially within the laser active volume. In this way, line selection is performed in a manner which optimizes the combination of optical and discharge efficiency, resonator size and cost.

Abstract: An F2-excimer laser has multiple closely-spaced spectral lines of interest around 157 nm, and one of the lines is selected by wavelength selection optics. The wavelength selection optics of a first preferred embodiment include a birefringent Brewster window enclosing the laser gas volume of the discharge chamber. The window preferably comprises MgF2 and is located at one end of the discharge chamber. One line is selected of the two when the optical thickness of the window is selected in coordination with rotatably adjustable, orthogonal refractive indices of the window. The transmissivity of the window is dependent on the orthogonal refractive indices and the optical thickness of the window. The wavelength selection optics of a second preferred embodiment include are at least partially within the laser active volume. In this way, line selection is performed in a manner which optimizes the combination of optical and discharge efficiency, resonator size and cost.