Abstract: Provided is a test system including at least the following: permeabilising means and/or lysis of at least one pathogen and/or at least one cell, means for capturing and/or making parts of the pathogens and/or cells, means for localising, immobilising and/or enriching at least one component of a pathogen and/or a cell, means for image processing preferably including an optical magnifying unit, enabling an optical reading out of at least one means for localising, immobilising and/or enriching can be carried out.

Abstract: A nanostructure is made of a plurality of nanocrystals on at least one surface or surface region of a titanium body. A method for generating such nanostructure is by means of hydrothermal oxidation. Thereby, the nanocrystals have a basic tetragonal-pyramidal shape, at least in some regions. The area density of the nanocrystals is between 40 and 400 per ?m2, wherein the area density decreases with increasing crystal height. The average spacing of 50 to 160 nm of adjacent nanocrystals is obtained at a nanocrystal height of 23 to 100 nm. This provides a titanium-based, bactericidal and hydrophilic nanostructure for implant surfaces and, at the same time, a corresponding manufacturing method with which the size and distribution of the nanocrystals forming a nanostructure that facilitates healing can be determined.

Abstract: The invention relates to a test system comprising at least one of the following means: permeabilising means (110) and/or lysis of at least one pathogen (10) and/or at least one cell (10), means for capturing (80) and/or making (90) parts (20 and/or 40 and/or 50) of the pathogens (10) and/or cells (10), means for localising, immobilising and/or enriching (120) at least one component (40 and/or 50 and/or 20 and/or 10) of a pathogen (10) and/or a cell (10), means for image processing (160) preferably comprising an optical magnifying unit (161), enabling an optical reading out of at least one means for localising, immobilising and/or enriching (120) can be carried out.

Abstract: A microfluidic bioreactor includes at least two modules each having a cavity, each of which is divided by a membrane into a cell chamber for receiving cells and a material chamber through which a liquid solution comprising at least one additive and cell metabolites can flow, wherein each membrane has a reaction region in which the membrane is permeable at least in part to the solution comprising the at least one additive and the cell metabolites, and a fluid conducting system for the liquid solution comprising the at least one additive and the cell metabolites, which fluid conducting system connects the material chambers together at least one of in series or in parallel. Unidirectional flow through the fluid conducting system is ensured.