Abstract: We provide isolated TPP and preQ1 class II riboswitches which are labelled for FRET studies of ribosome function. The riboswitches may be used in assays to determine riboswitch function, and to test the activity of compounds in modulating riboswitch function.

Abstract: We provide isolated TPP and preQ1 class II riboswitches which are labelled for FRET studies of ribosome function. The riboswitches may be used in assays to determine riboswitch function, and to test the activity of compounds in modulating riboswitch function.

Abstract: The present invention is provides isolated riboswitches with FRET pairs for distinguishing changes in regulatory interactions controlled by the expression platform domain found in riboswitches. The invention further provides methods of using those riboswitches to detect structural changes in the expression platform domain and to identify potential antibiotics.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for determining the protrusion of bearing shells, comprising the following steps: a) clamping a bearing shell at several bearing points; b) applying one or more test forces to at least one point of the bearing shell so that the bearing shell is elastically deformed; c) measuring the deformation of the bearing shell at one or more measuring points of the bearing shell; d) determining the protrusion from the measured deformation.

Abstract: The present invention is provides isolated riboswitches with FRET pairs for distinguishing changes in regulatory interactions controlled by the expression platform domain found in riboswitches. The invention further provides methods of using those riboswitches to detect structural changes in the expression platform domain and to identify potential antibiotics.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for determining the protrusion of bearing shells, comprising the following steps: a) clamping a bearing shell at several bearing points; b) applying one or more test forces to at least one point of the bearing shell so that the bearing shell is elastically deformed; c) measuring the deformation of the bearing shell at one or more measuring points of the bearing shell; d) determining the protrusion from the measured deformation.

Abstract: A circuit arrangement is disclosed comprising a transmitter/receiver unit (1), a control circuit (2) and a supply line (3). The transmitter/receiver unit (1) comprises a supply input (4) for connecting the supply line, an energy storage unit (5) that with a first connection is coupled to the supply input (4) and that is configured to guarantee an internal energy supply during a reduction of an average supply signal (VS) at the supply input (4) over a predetermined time period, a detection unit (6) that is coupled to the supply input (4) and that is configured to detect a reduction of the average supply signal (VS) over the predetermined time period and at which an evaluation signal (AS) can be tapped, and a data transmission unit (7) that is coupled to the detection unit (6) and to the supply input (4) and that is configured to send a data signal (SD) via the supply line, depending on the evaluation signal (AS).

Abstract: In a method to avoid bucking oscillations during acceleration of vehicles, the engine torque is varied. To reliably prevent bucking oscillations without adversely affecting the acceleration behavior and exhaust behavior, it is proposed that during operation of the gas pedal, the engine torque be varied according to a stipulated engine torque curve between a lower torque value and an upper torque value, in which the engine torque curve has a local maximum adjacent to the lower torque value and has a local minimum between the local maximum and the upper torque value.

Abstract: In a method to avoid bucking oscillations during acceleration of vehicles the throttle valve position is influenced, in which, for conversion of engine torque trend between the lower torque initial value and an upper torque target value, the trend of the throttle valve position is changed between an initial closed position corresponding to the torque initial value and a target opening position corresponding to the torque target value. To prevent bucking oscillations reliably without adversely affecting the acceleration behavior and exhaust behavior, the trend of the throttle valve position adjacent to the initial closed position has a local maximum that opens the throttle valve and a local minimum that closes the throttle valve between the local maximum and the target opening position.

Abstract: A counting apparatus comprising a drum counting mechanism and a step motor for driving the drum counting mechanism. A housing for the drum counting mechanism includes a wall which forms a part of the housing for the step motor, the step motor including a rotor with a rotor shaft, which shaft extends through the wall. The step motor includes a stator coil which is supported on an extending portion of the housing for the step motor. Alternatively, a bearing and flange unit may be provided which extends through an opening in the common wall and which may have an extending portion on which the stator coil is mounted in surrounding relationship.

Abstract: A stamping foil for forming printed circuit patterns on insulating or poorly conductive substrates comprising an electrically conductive layer made of a highly conductive metal, such as copper, which is endowed with a sufficiently low shear strength, even in thicknesses of 10 microns or more, to permit easy and sharp separation of the activated (imprinted) and non-activated portions of the foil. Such a low shear strength may be achieved with fibrous or fibrous-granular crystallite structures, wherein the fibers are oriented approximately at right angles to the surfaces of the foil, and, in addition, by doping agents containing carbon, nitrogen and sulfur. The foil may comprise a bonding layer for bonding the conductive layer to a substrate, or such a bonding layer may be applied to the surface of the conductive layer before the stamping operation. The conductive layer may be either self-supporting, or it may adhere to a carrier tape through an intermediary separating layer.

Abstract: An electromagnetic pulse counting mechanism comprises a rectangular block shaped housing having first and second housing parts which are interengageable and with one part defining a side wall and a rear wall and the other part defining all of the other walls. The other part includes an intermediate partition wall between the top and bottom walls, which has a coil receiving tube extending rearwardly thereof. An electromagnetic coil is positioned over the receiving tube and a U-shaped magnetic yoke has one leg portion inserted into the tube and another arranged alongside the coil in the housing. The opposed side walls of the housing define journals for receiving shafts of a cypher roll or rolls and an indexing mechanism for indexing the cypher roll or rolls. An armature is supported in this end of the housing directly adjacent the coil and one leg of the yoke and it is moved by actuation of the coil to move the indexing mechanism to advance the cypher roll.