Abstract: An evaluation unit, a gas chromatograph, an analysis system, a computer program product and method for determining the composition of a sample containing at least three components via the gas chromatograph, wherein a concentration of a first component of the sample is quantitatively determined and the concentration is output as a first partial measured value to an artificial intelligence, a concentration of the second and third components of the sample is determined via the artificial intelligence and the determined concentrations are output, a concentration of the second component of the sample is quantitatively determined and the concentration is output as a second partial measured value to the artificial intelligence, the concentration of the third component of the sample is determined via the artificial intelligence and the determined concentration is output, where method is performed within a first measurement cycle of the gas chromatograph in which the sample is examined.

Abstract: Computer-implemented method for generating a combined machine learning model is provided, including the steps: a. providing a trained unsupervised machine learning model for anomaly detection; determining at least one output label for each data item of a plurality of data items of unlabeled application data; c. transmitting the at least one determined output label to a user; d. receiving at least one processed output label, at least one additional data item or at least one additional output label from the; e. training at least one additional machine learning model for anomaly detection; f. generating the combined machine learning model for anomaly detection using a connection function based on the trained unsupervised machine learning model and the at least one trained additional machine learning model; and g. providing the combined machine learning model as output.

Abstract: An electronic component includes a circuit carrier unit and a housing at least partly encompassing the circuit carrier unit. The circuit carrier unit has an electronic element assembled on the circuit carrier unit. The circuit carrier unit has a first section and a second section arranged at a distance from the first section and opposing the first section. The housing has a first receiving portion receiving the first section and a second receiving portion receiving the second section. The first receiving portion and the second receiving portion are separated from each other by a cooling clearance.

Abstract: The invention specifies an apparatus for evaluating sensor measured values (1.1), having: —a sensor (1), wherein a model function that is suitable for a least squares regression and definable by a parameter vector is provided for evaluating the sensor measured values (1.1) of the sensor (1), wherein at least one parameter of the parameter vector forms a sensor output signal (3), and —a computing and evaluation unit (2) that has a neural network (2.1), which estimates the parameter vector on the basis of actually ascertained sensor measured values (1.1), and a least squares regression module (2.2), wherein the neural network (2.1) is trained with parameter vectors and the associated sensor measured values, and that is set up: ?—to use the trained neural network (2.1) to ascertain at least one parameter estimate vector for sensor measured values (1.1) measured using the sensor (1) as an input variable for the least squares regression module (2.

Abstract: An electronic component includes a circuit carrier unit and a housing at least partly encompassing the circuit carrier unit. The circuit carrier unit has an electronic element assembled on the circuit carrier unit. The circuit carrier unit has a first section and a second section arranged at a distance from the first section and opposing the first section. The housing has a first receiving portion receiving the first section and a second receiving portion receiving the second section. The first receiving portion and the second receiving portion are separated from each other by a cooling clearance.

Abstract: A system for simultaneous optical pathlength determination and remote chemical sensing of a sample disposed along an optical path. A modulated laser source configured for modulated light emission so that at least one spectral sideband with a sideband frequency is created, the modulated light emission is directed along the optical path and sideband frequency is varied over time. A detector is configured to detect transmitted light along the optical path and generate a detected light intensity signal. A frequency down-converter is configured to receive the detected light emission signal and generate a frequency down-converted light intensity signal. A demodulator is configured to demodulate the frequency of the down-converted light intensity signal and output an instantaneous frequency. A pathlength calculator is configured to determine an optical pathlength to the sample based on the instantaneous frequency.

Abstract: A system for simultaneous optical pathlength determination and remote chemical sensing of a sample disposed along an optical path. A modulated laser source configured for modulated light emission so that at least one spectral sideband with a sideband frequency is created, the modulated light emission is directed along the optical path and sideband frequency is varied over time. A detector is configured to detect transmitted light along the optical path and generate a detected light intensity signal. A frequency down-converter is configured to receive the detected light emission signal and generate a frequency down-converted light intensity signal. A demodulator is configured to demodulate the frequency of the down-converted light intensity signal and output an instantaneous frequency. A pathlength calculator is configured to determine an optical pathlength to the sample based on the instantaneous frequency.

Abstract: A method and a sensor for detecting a target gas by laser spectroscopy using a laser or a laser diode having a monochrome emission wavelength that can be modulated by varying the operating temperature or the operating current. The wavelength range of the target gas comprises a first modulation of the laser or the laser diode over a first large modulation width, in addition to at least two absorption lines of a reference gas and at least one absorption line of the target gas. The absorption lines are used to calibrate the wavelength scale of the laser or the laser diode in relation to the varied operating temperature or operating current, a second modulation of the laser or the laser diode being performed over a second small modulation width, with the at least one absorption line of the target gas, for detecting the target gas.

Abstract: An optical gas measurement using a Vertical Cavity Surface-Emitting Laser (VCSEL) and a hollow waveguide connected thereto, wherein the hollow waveguide contains a gas to be measured and conducts light. To this end, the hollow waveguide is made to vibrate. The gas measurement is performed and integrated over a period of time. As a result, disturbances of the measurement caused by interferences are considerably reduced.

Abstract: A method for controlling or monitoring firing systems and for monitoring buildings having gas burners using spectroscopy, provides at least one wavelength-tunable monochromatic light source. An absorption spectrum of a measuring gas is received with at least one photodetector in an absorption path with spectral tuning of the light source, and the concentration of target gases carbon monoxide (CO) and methane (CH4) can be determined simultaneously during tuning of the light source. A device for carrying out the method includes a monochromatic laser diode, in particular a VCSEL, an absorption path in the exhaust gas region or a space endangered by leakage, a photodetector for receiving light passed through the absorption path, and an evaluation unit for determining the concentration of target gases based on the absorption spectrum covered during the laser or laser diode tuning. The method and device are applied in laser-optical gas sensors in gas firing systems.

Abstract: A method and a sensor for detecting a target gas by laser spectroscopy using a laser or a laser diode having a monochrome emission wavelength that can be modulated by varying the operating temperature or the operating current. The wavelength range of the target gas comprises a first modulation of the laser or the laser diode over a first large modulation width, in addition to at least two absorption lines of a reference gas and at least one absorption line of the target gas. The absorption lines are used to calibrate the wavelength scale of the laser or the laser diode in relation to the varied operating temperature or operating current, a second modulation of the laser or the laser diode being performed over a second small modulation width, with the at least one absorption line of the target gas, for detecting the target gas.