Abstract: A method and apparatus for adjusting seeding rates at a sub-field level is provided.

Abstract: The invention relates to organic molecules having a structure of formula 1 AF1-(Separator)m-AF2?? Formula 1 wherein: m is 0 or 1; AF1 is a first chemical entity, having a conjugated system, in particular at least six conjugated electrons (e.g., in the form of at least one aromatic system); AF2 is a second chemical entity, having a conjugated system, in particular at least six conjugated ? electrons (e.g., in the form of at least one aromatic system); with AF1?AF2; wherein AF1 has a structure of formula 2-1: wherein FG is selected from the group consisting of CR**2F, CF3, CF2R**, SF5, N—(CF3)1, N—(CF3)2, O—CF3, S—CF3 and CF2CO2R*; n=1 to 5; o=1 to 5; n+o=5; p=0 or 1; R?=linking point on the separator, linking point on the chemical entity AF2 or a radical R*; wherein one R? represents a linking point on the separator or on the chemical entity AF2.

Abstract: The invention relates to an organic molecule comprising a structure of formula 1 and to the use thereof in optoelectronic components. wherein: X is SO2, CO or a C—C single bond; m is 0 or 1; n is 1, 2 or 3; r is 0 or 1; s is 0 or 1; LG is a divalent linker group, selected from: or LG is an element-element single bond.

Abstract: The invention relates to an organic molecule comprising a structure of formula 1 and to the use thereof in optoelectronic components. wherein: X is SO2, CO or a C—C single bond; m is 0 or 1; n is 1, 2 or 3; r is 0 or 1; s is 0 or 1; LG is a divalent linker group, selected from: or LG is an element-element single bond.

Abstract: The invention relates to organic molecules having a structure of formula 1 wherein: m is 0 or 1; AF1 is a first chemical entity, having a conjugated system, in particular at least six conjugated ? electrons (e.g., in the form of at least one aromatic system); AF2 is a second chemical entity, having a conjugated system, in particular at least six conjugated ? electrons (e.g., in the form of at least one aromatic system); with AF1?AF2; wherein AF1 has a structure of formula 2-1: wherein FG is selected from the group consisting of CR**2F, CF3, CF2R**, SF5, N—(CF3)1, N—(CF3)2, O—CF3, S—CF3 and CF2CO2R*; n=1 to 5; o=1 to 5; n+o=5; p=0 or 1; R?=linking point on the separator, linking point on the chemical entity AF2 or a radical R*; wherein one R? represents a linking point on the separator or on the chemical entity AF2.

Abstract: Urethanes are prepared by oxidative carbonylation of at least one amino compound in the presence of carbon monoxide, oxygen and organic, at least one hydroxyl-group-carrying compound. The carbonylation is carried out in the absence of halogen-containing promoters. The carbonylation is also carried out in the presence of a metal complex catalyst which contains neutral bidentate N-chelate ligands of the (N˜N) type, two monoanionic N,O-chelate ligands of the general type (N˜O)? or tetradentate dianionic chelate ligands (O˜N˜N˜O)2?.

Abstract: Urethanes are prepared by oxidative carbonylation of at least one amino compound in the presence of carbon monoxide, oxygen and organic, at least one hydroxyl-group-carrying compound. The carbonylation is carried out in the absence of halogen-containing promoters. The carbonylation is also carried out in the presence of a metal complex catalyst which contains neutral bidentate N-chelate ligands of the (N˜N) type, two monoanionic N,O-chelate ligands of the general type (N˜O)? or tetradentate dianionic chelate ligands (O˜N˜N˜O)2?.

Abstract: A method for operating a power supply unit for an electrical system of a motor vehicle, the power supply unit having an electric generator having a stator having a stator winding and a rotor having a rotor winding, as well as a field current controller assigned to the rotor winding for selecting the setpoint of the current flowing through the rotor winding; the electric generator being set into rotation without a current being specified by the rotor winding, thereby generating a starting voltage; at least one component of the power supply unit or of the vehicle electrical system being energized by the starting voltage.

Abstract: Urethanes are prepared by oxidative carbonylation of at least one amino compound in the presence of carbon monoxide, oxygen and organic, at least one hydroxyl-group-carrying compound. The carbonylation is carried out in the absence of halogen-containing promoters. The carbonylation is also carried out in the presence of a metal complex catalyst which contains neutral bidentate N-chelate ligands of the (N˜N) type, two monoanionic N,O-chelate ligands of the general type (N˜O)? or tetradentate dianionic chelate ligands (O˜N˜N˜O)2?.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for producing urethanes or ureas or mixtures of urethanes and ureas by oxidative carbonylation of organic amines in the presence of carbon monoxide, oxygen and a catalyst, where the catalyst used is a transition metal complex containing the structural feature: [Mn+(O˜N˜O)2?](n?2)+(L)m(Z?)n?2 and the method is carried out under halogen-free reaction conditions. The invention further relates to transition metal complexes containing said structural feature and also to the use of such transition metal complexes as catalysts in the production of urethanes or ureas or mixtures of urethanes and ureas.

Abstract: Metal(I) complexes of the M2X2(E?D)2 form, having a structure of formula A The metal(I) complexes may be used in optoelectronic components, particularly for use in organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs).

Abstract: A method for preparing a start-up of an internal combustion engine with a belt-driven starter generator having a stator and rotor windings, the starter generator being operated so that its generated torque slowly increases over a period of more than two rotor winding-time constants. The stator winding is energized so that the generated torque slowly increases over a period of more than two rotor winding-time constants. The rotor winding is energized and, when a field current through the rotor winding is below a lower threshold value prior to the beginning of its energization, the stator winding is energized, before the field current is above an upper threshold value. The belt of the starter generator is pre-tensioned prior to the actual starting operation by activating the electric machine so that jolts, vibrations and noises, which occur during the start-up of the internal combustion engine with a starter generator, may be avoided.

Abstract: A method for operating a power supply unit for an electrical system of a motor vehicle, the power supply unit having an electric generator having a stator having a stator winding and a rotor having a rotor winding, as well as a field current controller assigned to the rotor winding for selecting the setpoint of the current flowing through the rotor winding; the electric generator being set into rotation without a current being specified by the rotor winding, thereby generating a starting voltage; at least one component of the power supply unit or of the vehicle electrical system being energized by the starting voltage.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for producing urethanes or ureas or mixtures of urethanes and ureas by oxidative carbonylation of organic amines in the presence of carbon monoxide, oxygen and a catalyst, where the catalyst used is a transition metal complex containing the structural feature: [Mn+(O˜N˜O)2?](n-2)+(L)m(Z?)n-2 and the method is carried out under halogen-free reaction conditions. The invention further relates to transition metal complexes containing said structural feature and also to the use of such transition metal complexes as catalysts in the production of urethanes or ureas or mixtures of urethanes and ureas.

Abstract: Urethanes are prepared by oxidative carbonylation of at least one amino compound in the presence of carbon monoxide, oxygen and organic, at least one hydroxyl-group-carrying compound. The carbonylation is carried out in the absence of halogen-containing promoters. The carbonylation is also carried out in the presence of a metal complex catalyst which contains neutral bidentate N-chelate ligands of the (N˜N) type, two monoanionic N,O-chelate ligands of the general type (N˜O)? or tetradentate dianionic chelate ligands (O˜N˜N˜O)2?.

Abstract: In a solar power systetm a ground fault detection system with switched reference levels is used. As a consequence the leakage resistance of the euipment can always be determined.

Abstract: An axial fan has an impeller provided with vanes and mounted in a flow duct. In or on the wall of the duct at least one port is arranged adjacent to the vane tips. The duct side the port is provided with a covering means having passages therethrough.