Abstract: The present invention relates to a buoyancy modification module 10 for a modular underwater vehicle, wherein said buoyancy modification module 10 has at least one first frame 20, wherein the frame 20 is designed to connect the buoyancy modification module 10 to other modules, wherein the buoyancy modification module 10 has at least one first pressure hull 30, wherein the first pressure hull 30 has at least one first flooding region 50 and at least one first dry region, wherein at least one first pump 40 is arranged in the first dry region, wherein the first pump 40 can pump water out of the surroundings or a neutral-buoyancy reservoir into the first flooding region 50 and out of the first flooding region 50 into the surroundings or a neutral-buoyancy reservoir.

Abstract: The invention is concerned with catalysts for heterogeneous hydrogenation of oxo process aldehydes. The problem addressed by the invention is that of developing a catalyst containing neither chromium nor nickel. In addition, it is to enable the economically viable hydrogenation of aldehyde mixtures originating from industrial oxo processes on the industrial scale. For this purpose, the catalyst should not be reliant on costly precious metals such as Ru, Pd or Pt. This problem was solved by omitting the chromium and nickel in the preparation of a conventional Cu/Ni/Cr system, such that a catalyst wherein only copper occurs as hydrogenation-active component on the support material thereof, and not chromium or nickel, is obtained. What is surprising here is that a functioning catalyst for the purpose intended still arises at all even though two of three hydrogenation-active metals are omitted.

Abstract: The invention is concerned with catalysts for heterogeneous hydrogenation of oxo process aldehydes. The problem addressed by the invention is that of developing a catalyst containing neither chromium nor nickel. In addition, it is to enable the economically viable hydrogenation of aldehyde mixtures originating from industrial oxo processes on the industrial scale. For this purpose, the catalyst should not be reliant on costly precious metals such as Ru, Pd or Pt. This problem was solved by omitting the chromium and nickel in the preparation of a conventional Cu/Ni/Cr system, such that a catalyst wherein only copper occurs as hydrogenation-active component on the support material thereof, and not chromium or nickel, is obtained. What is surprising here is that a functioning catalyst for the purpose intended still arises at all even though two of three hydrogenation-active metals are omitted.

Abstract: The invention relates to a porous heterogeneous catalyst. In order to prepare a catalyst which catalyzes with a relatively high selectivity the hydrogenation of individual unsaturated bonds of polyunsaturated compounds it is proposed that the inner surface of the catalysts is coated with an ionic liquid.

Abstract: This invention relates to biomass pyrolysis through the use of a hot liquid refinery feedstock as a heat transfer medium, preferably a vacuum gas oil feedstock.

Abstract: This invention relates to biomass pyrolysis through the use of a hot liquid refinery feedstock as a heat transfer medium, preferably a vacuum gas oil feedstock.

Abstract: The invention relates to a porous heterogeneous catalyst. In order to prepare a catalyst which catalyzes with a relatively high selectivity the hydrogenation of individual unsaturated bonds of polyunsaturated compounds it is proposed that the inner surface of the catalysts is coated with an ionic liquid.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for removing polarizable impurities from hydrocarbons and mixtures of hydrocarbons using ionic liquids as an extraction medium. By way of extraction, the degree of contamination of the hydrocarbon or mixture of hydrocarbons is reduced to a low or very low level. The specific ionic liquids are compounds of the Formula 1, which are organic salts that are liquid or can be melted to form a liquid and that can form at least a biphasic mixture with a hydrocarbon. The process is suitable for purifying a wide range of hydrocarbons under a wide range of process conditions.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for removing polarizable impurities from hydrocarbons and mixtures of hydrocarbons using ionic liquids as an extraction medium for reducing the degree of contamination of the hydrocarbon or mixture of hydrocarbons to a low or very low level.