Abstract: The invention relates to an apparatus for analyzing reaction systems with a liquid phase (13) and a gas phase (15), the apparatus (1) comprising at least two tank reactors (3), a common feed line (5), a common drain line (25) for the liquid phase and a common drain line (21) for the gas phase, each tank reactor (3) being connected to the common feed line (5) by a supply line (7), to the common drain line (25) for the liquid phase by a liquid withdrawal line (27) and to the common drain line (21) for the gas phase by a gas withdrawal line (23), wherein the pressure in each tank reactor (3) is controlled by one of: (a) a pressure control (31) in the common feed line (5); (b) a pressure line (29) which is connected to the gas space of each tank reactor (3); (c) a pressure control (31) in the common drain line (21) for the gas phase and a flow restrictor (33) in the common drain line (25) for the liquid phase or a pressure control (31) in the common drain line (25) for the liquid phase and a flow restrictor (3

Abstract: A dual-clutch transmission includes two clutches for respectively connecting an input shaft in a rotationally fixed manner to a sub-transmission input shaft. Two layshafts each have one output gear arranged coaxially with respect thereto. A first, second, and third forward idler gear are each arranged coaxially with respect to the one layshaft. A fourth and fifth forward idler gear are each arranged coaxially with respect to the other layshaft. One of the output gears is a larger output gear having a greater diameter or a greater number of teeth than the other, smaller output gear. The first forward idler gear forms a second gear stage, the second forward idler gear forms a third gear stage, etc. The gear stages have a decreasing transmission ratio in the order stated.

Abstract: A hybrid dual-clutch transmission includes a first sub-transmission and a second sub-transmission, a first countershaft, a first output gear non-rotatably connected to the first countershaft, a second countershaft, a dual clutch, which has a first clutch assigned to the first sub-transmission and a second clutch assigned to the second sub-transmission, a separating clutch and an electric motor. The electric motor is or can be coupled to the separating clutch and to the dual clutch.

Abstract: A hybrid dual-clutch transmission includes a first countershaft sub-transmission, a second countershaft sub-transmission, a first clutch assigned to the first countershaft sub-transmission, a first actuating chamber, a first centrifugal oil chamber, a first power transmission region, a first inner lamella carrier, and a first outer lamella carrier. The transmission also includes a second clutch assigned to the second countershaft sub-transmission, a second actuating chamber, a second centrifugal oil chamber, a second power transmission region, a second inner lamella carrier, and second outer lamella carrier. The transmission further includes a third clutch to connect to an internal combustion engine and which has a third actuating chamber, a third centrifugal oil chamber, a third power transmission region, a third inner lamella carrier, and a third outer lamella carrier.

Abstract: A hybrid dual-clutch transmission includes a first countershaft sub-transmission, a second countershaft sub-transmission, a first clutch assigned to the first countershaft sub-transmission, a first actuating chamber, a first centrifugal oil chamber, a first power transmission region, a first inner lamella carrier, and a first outer lamella carrier. The transmission also includes a second clutch assigned to the second countershaft sub-transmission, a second actuating chamber, a second centrifugal oil chamber, a second power transmission region, a second inner lamella carrier, and second outer lamella carrier. The transmission further includes a third clutch to connect to an internal combustion engine and which has a third actuating chamber, a third centrifugal oil chamber, a third power transmission region, a third inner lamella carrier, and a third outer lamella carrier.

Abstract: A hybrid dual-clutch transmission includes a first sub-transmission and a second sub-transmission, a first countershaft, a first output gear non-rotatably connected to the first countershaft, a second countershaft, a dual clutch, which has a first clutch assigned to the first sub-transmission and a second clutch assigned to the second sub-transmission, a separating clutch and an electric motor. The electric motor is or can be coupled to the separating clutch and to the dual clutch.

Abstract: A pressure gauge comprises a pressure gauge assembly and a connecting assembly. The pressure gauge assembly includes a measuring pressure port for the pressure to be measured and the connecting assembly includes a pressure measuring port. The pressure gauge assembly is adapted to be connected to the connecting assembly. In order to permit a relative rotation between the pressure gauge assembly and the connecting assembly, the pressure gauge assembly and/or the connecting assembly supports at least one annular passage section connecting the measuring pressure port to the pressure measuring port.

Abstract: A pressure gauge comprises a pressure gauge assembly and a connecting assembly. The pressure gauge assembly includes a measuring pressure port for the pressure to be measured and the connecting assembly includes a pressure measuring port. The pressure gauge assembly is adapted to be connected to the connecting assembly. In order to permit a relative rotation between the pressure gauge assembly and the connecting assembly, the pressure gauge assembly and/or the connecting assembly supports at least one annular passage section connecting the measuring pressure port to the pressure measuring port.

Abstract: An electrically operated crescent pump of a hybrid drive train conducts entrapped oil emerging from the oil pump to windings of the stator in order to cool the electric motor of the pump.

Abstract: A change-speed gearbox has an input shaft connected to an output shaft by at least one first and one second component transmission, arranged parallel to one another in the power flow and each having a frictional power-shift clutch and an intermediate shaft. The intermediate shaft can be operatively connected to the input shaft by the power-shift clutch, with at least one gearbox constant per component transmission. Each gearbox constant has a gearwheel on one of the two intermediate shafts, at least one of which can be operatively connected to a first layshaft arranged parallel to the input shaft. At least one gearbox constant can be brought into an operative connection with the first and the second power-shift clutch.

Abstract: An automated non-synchronised gear-change transmission for a motor vehicle includes a transmission input shaft and a pressure-oil lubrication device. The pressure-oil lubrication device includes a pump driven at least indirectly by the transmission input shaft, and a cross-section modification device disposed on a downstream side of the pump. The cross-section modification device is configured to modify a flow cross section on the downstream side of the pump.

Abstract: Belt webbing designed for a vehicle occupant restraining system, which is to replace conventional force limiting means leading to added structural complexity and additional costs and which may be possibly incorrectly fitted in place, is characterized in that the warp threads (7) possess lengths differing with each length unit of the belt webbing, that is to say in the form of short warp threads (10) to bear the tensile load acting in the belt webbing (1) up to a first stretch of the belt webbing (1) without loading the longer warp threads and in the form of longer warp threads, which after the first stretch of the belt webbing (1) take part in withstanding the tensile load acting in the belt webbing (1) in a manner dependent on the ratio of the length thereof to the length of the short warp threads (10).

Abstract: The gas bag (10) for a vehicular restraining system is formed by an annular hose (14). It is intended to protect against side impact and is characterized by fast inflation.

Abstract: An inflatable gas bag for a restraining system in vehicles is provided in its wall with at least one predefined relief opening which remains sealed up to a predetermined internal pressure of the gas bag and is freed only when this internal pressure is exceeded. The gas bag therefore has the desired hardness in the initial phase of the restraining operation and thereafter effects an energy absorption by controlled discharge of the gases through the relief opening.