Abstract: Method for reducing intake valve deposits in a spark ignition internal combustion engine which is fuelled with a gasoline fuel composition, wherein the method comprises introducing into the engine an aqueous based composition, wherein the aqueous based composition comprises (i) water, (ii) from 0 vol % to 40 vol % freezing point suppression agent, (iii) from 0 vol % to 10 vol % of surfactant, and (iv) an amine compound in a blending amount of from 0 ppmw to 1000 ppmw.

Abstract: Method for reducing intake valve deposits in a spark ignition internal combustion engine which is fuelled with a gasoline fuel composition, wherein the method comprises introducing into the engine an aqueous based composition, wherein the aqueous based composition comprises (i) water, (ii) from 0 vol % to 40 vol % freezing point suppression agent, (iii) from 0 vol % to 10 vol % of surfactant, and (iv) an amine compound in a blending amount of from 0 ppmw to 1000 ppmw.

Abstract: A diesel internal combustion engine that is operated advantageously at least predominantly according to the diesel principle, with a multi-fuel adaptation unit that reacts to various fuels of different mixtures and adapts an operating mode of the internal combustion engine to these fuels, wherein the multi-fuel adaptation unit comprises at least the following elements: a fuel characterization, a combustion-chamber filling that can be adapted as a function of a characteristic fuel, external ignition that can be allocated to each cylinder of the internal combustion engine, at least one control device that implements a first control strategy in which, in a lower load range, external ignition is performed, and a second control strategy in which automatic ignition is performed in a load range that is higher relative to the lower load range, a combustion-point control that can be adapted automatically to the characterized fuel, and a conversion-rate control that can be adapted automatically to the characterized