Abstract: A method and a photovoltaic inverter for determining the insulation resistance of a photovoltaic system relative to ground are provided. The voltage required for the measurement can be provided by an intermediate circuit in the form of an intermediate circuit voltage and a measuring device is designed to actuate an input short-circuit switch for short-circuiting a DC input with an AC disconnector open, as a result of which the intermediate circuit voltage can be applied to the DC input in the reverse direction. The measuring device is configured to record measured voltages with a switch of a voltage divider open and closed, and to determine the insulation resistance from the measured values of the two measured voltages recorded with the switch of the voltage divider open and closed.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method and a photovoltaic inverter (2) for determining the insulation resistance (Riso) of a photovoltaic system (1) relative to ground (PE). According to the invention, the voltage required for the measurement can be provided by the intermediate circuit (6) in the form of the intermediate circuit voltage (UZk), and the measuring device (13) is designed to actuate an input short-circuit switch (SBoost) for short-circuiting the DC input (3) with the AC disconnector (8) open, as a result of which the intermediate circuit voltage (UZk) can be applied to the DC input (3) in the reverse direction, and the measuring device (13) is configured to record measured voltages (UM1, UM2) with the switch (Siso) of the voltage divider (14) open and closed, and to determine the insulation resistance (Riso) from the measured values of the two measured voltages (UM1, UM2) recorded with the switch (Siso) of the voltage divider (14) open and closed.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to a method of operating a system, the system comprising a near field communication, NFC, tag, an NFC device associated with a user of the system and a computer, the method comprising: the NFC device requesting a message from the NFC tag; the NFC tag generating a message comprising a representation of a counter value; the NFC tag sending the message to the NFC device; the NFC device generating a request comprising the representation of the counter value in response to receiving the message; the NFC device sending the request to a computer; the NFC device submitting user authentication data to the computer; and the computer executing an operation on verification of the counter value and the authentication data.

Abstract: An application device applies an active agent to a fibrous material. The application device has a housing defining a storage volume which is arranged in the housing and is intended for storing the active agent, and an applicator. By the applicator, the active agent located in an application volume is applied to the material. In order to make reliable and straightforward application possible, the applicator has an application volume, a number of hollow teeth which are arranged in a comb-like manner and have an upper wall and a lower wall, between which at least part of the application volume is arranged, and also gaps which are located between the teeth and are intended for introducing the material into the application volume.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to a method of operating a system, the system comprising a near field communication, NFC, tag, an NFC device associated with a user of the system and a computer, the method comprising: the NFC device requesting a message from the NFC tag; the NFC tag generating a message comprising a representation of a counter value; the NFC tag sending the message to the NFC device; the NFC device generating a request comprising the representation of the counter value in response to receiving the message; the NFC device sending the request to a computer; the NFC device submitting user authentication data to the computer; and the computer executing an operation on verification of the counter value and the authentication data.

Abstract: The invention relates to a device for applying at least one application agent to hair, comprising a housing unit (11a; 11b; 11c) which at least partially encloses at least one depot volume (12a; 12b; 12c) for accommodating at least one component of the at least one application agent (10a; 10b; 10c). According to the invention, the device comprises a dispenser unit (13a; 13b; 13c) which is designed to discharge the at least one component of the application agent (10a; 10b; 10c) from an application agent container (14a; 14b; 14c) that is at least partially inserted into the depot volume (12a; 12b; 12c).

Abstract: An application device applies an active agent to a fibrous material. The application device has a housing defining a storage volume which is arranged in the housing and is intended for storing the active agent, and an applicator. By the applicator, the active agent located in an application volume is applied to the material. In order to make reliable and straightforward application possible, the applicator has an application volume, a number of hollow teeth which are arranged in a comb-like manner and have an upper wall and a lower wall, between which at least part of the application volume is arranged, and also gaps which are located between the teeth and are intended for introducing the material into the application volume.

Abstract: The invention relates to a device for applying at least one application agent to hair, comprising a housing unit (11a; 11b; 11c) which at least partially encloses at least one depot volume (12a; 12b; 12c) for accommodating at least one component of the at least one application agent (10a; 10b; 10c). According to the invention, the device comprises a dispenser unit (13a; 13b; 13c) which is designed to discharge the at least one component of the application agent (10a; 10b; 10c) from an application agent container (14a; 14b; 14c) that is at least partially inserted into the depot volume (12a; 12b; 12c).

Abstract: The invention starts out from an applicator for applying at least one application medium (10a; 10b; 10c, 52c) to hair, with a separation unit (11a; 11Ib; 11c), which forms at least two application gaps (12a, 13a, 14a, 15a, 16a; 13b; 12c, 13c, 14c, 15c, 16c) that are provided for receiving some of the hairs for application of the application medium (10a; 10b; 10c, 52c). It is proposed that at least one of the application gaps (12a, 13a, 14a, 15a, 16a; 13b; 12c, 13c, 14c, 15c, 16c) has an opening width that is smaller, at least by a factor of 10, than a distance between the application gaps (12a, 13a, 14a, 15a, 16a; 13b; 12c, 13c, 14c, 15c, 16c).

Abstract: The invention relates to an applicator device for applying at least one application agent (10a) to fibrous material, in particular an applicator device for applying an application agent (10a) to hair. Said device comprises a housing unit (11a) that contains at least one depot volume (12a) for storing the application agent(s) (10a) and at least one application volume (13a) that is connected to the depot volume (12a).

Abstract: A data carrier (1) intended for the storage of data in memory means (17) has a first memory access means (18) for accessing a first storage location (22) and has a second memory access means (33) for accessing a second storage location (23), the first storage location (22) being only accessible by the first memory access means (18) with the aid of access enabling means (21, 19, 37, 39), and further has an additional memory access means (38), so as to enable an access authorization for the access to the first storage location (22) and so as to enable access to the first storage location (22) during an access by the second memory access means (33).

Abstract: A mobile communication apparatus (1) includes a transponder unit (15) having transmission means (16) and a transponder circuit (17) and is adapted to accommodate an accessory unit (ESIM), the accessory unit (ESIM) being provided with at least the transponder circuit (17) of the transponder unit (15).

Abstract: A module (1) for a data carrier (3) for performing of operations with contacts and operations without contacts comprising an integrated component (4) with component connections (A1, A2, A3, A4, A5, A7, A8) and having a contact field (5) accessible to counter contacts with module connecting contacts (C1, C2, C3, C4, C5, C6, C7, C8), with each component connection (A1, A2, A3, A5, A7) used for operations with contacts being in an electrically conductive connection with a module connecting contact (C1, C2, C3, C5, C7) of the contact field (5) and each component connection (A4, A8) used for operations without contacts also being in an electrically conductive connection with a module connecting contact (C4, C8) of the contact field (5).

Abstract: A data carrier (1) includes a chip (10) having a supply voltage circuit point (12), from which a supply voltage (V) can be taken, and having at least one supply voltage output (21, 22) for supplying a supply voltage (V1, V2), and having potential control means (35, 49) to which a control signal (S) can be applied and with the aid of which the supply voltage output (21, 22) can be set to different potential values in accordance with the control signal (S), and also includes at least one component (24, 29) which is spatially separated from the chip (10), which component (24, 29) has a supply voltage input (25, 30) is connected to the supply voltage output (21, 22) of the chip (10) via a connection lead (27, 32).

Abstract: A module (1) for a data carrier (3) for performing of operations with contacts and operations without contacts comprising an integrated component (4) with component connections (A1, A2, A3, A4, A5, A7, A8) and having a contact field (5) accessible to counter contacts with module connecting contacts (C1, C2, C3, C4, C5, C6, C7, C8), with each component connection (A1, A2, A3, A5, A7) used for operations with contacts being in an electrically conductive connection with a module connecting contact (C1, C2, C3, C5, C7) of the contact field (5) and each component connection (A4, A8) used for operations without contacts also being in an electrically conductive connection with a module connecting contact (C4, C8) of the contact field (5).

Abstract: A mobile communication apparatus (1) includes a transponder unit (15) having transmission means (16) and a transponder circuit (17) and is adapted to accommodate an accessory unit (ESIM), the accessory unit (ESIM) being provided with at least the transponder circuit (17) of the transponder unit (15).

Abstract: A system (1) for simulating a data communication between a read/write station and a portable data carrier comprises representation means for presenting a read/write station while the representation means are formed by station simulation means (2) for simulating the behavior of a read/write station arranged for a contactless data communication, which system (1) further includes data carrier simulation means (4) for simulating the behavior of a data carrier, while the data carrier simulation means (4) are arranged for simulating the behavior of a data carrier arranged for a contactless data communication, and which system (1) further includes transmission means (6) for transmitting data (D) between the station simulation means (2) and the data carrier simulation means (4).

Abstract: A data carrier (1) includes a chip (10) having a supply voltage circuit point (12), from which a supply voltage (V) can be taken, and having at least one supply voltage output (21, 22) for supplying a supply voltage (V1, V2), and having potential control means (35, 49) to which a control signal (S) can be applied and with the aid of which the supply voltage output (21, 22) can be set to different potential values in accordance with the control signal (S), and also includes at least one component (24, 29) which is spatially separated from the chip (10), which component (24, 29) has a supply voltage input (25, 30) for receiving the supply voltage (V1, V2), which the supply voltage input (25, 30) is connected to the supply voltage output (21, 22) of the chip (10) via a connection lead (27, 32).

Abstract: A test device (1) for testing a module (2) for a data carrier intended for contactless communication includes a carrier signal generator (14) which is arranged to generate a carrier signal (CS) whereby a test signal (TS) can be generated, a conductive connection being provided between the carrier signal generator (14) and a module (2) to be tested, which connection includes an impedance (31), preferably being a series resistor (31), which is connected directly ahead of a module terminal (5) of the module (2) to be tested, the test device (1) being provided with at least one detection device (34, 35) for determining an analog characteristic value (C, m) of a module (2) to be tested while utilizing the test signal (TS) appearing on an impedance terminal (32) of the impedance (31).