Abstract: In a pressure wave charger for the supercharging of internal combustion machines, the cell rotor consists of a ceramic material and is driven by the force of the gases of the internal combustion machine. The cell rotor is located between the air housing and the gas housing. It is bearingly supported on a rotor shaft, which in turn is supported on an axle. Both the axle and the rotor shaft are projecting from the air housing in a manner such that the distance of the cell rotor to the bearing symmetry is minimized. By spring based means a frictional connection is established between the cell rotor and the rotor shaft. The rotor shaft is further protected by a thermal protection device.

Abstract: Flanged onto the air casing (6) of a free-running pressure wave supercharger for an internal combustion engine is an electric motor (10a) whose shaft (28) is effectively connected to the rotor shaft (8) via a free-wheel overrunning clutch (9a) with engagement rollers (27) as the engagement bodies. In order to start a supercharged internal combustion engine, the electric motor (10a) accelerates the cell rotor (2) (in the case of a diesel engine, for example, during the short preheating period) to a rotational speed which ensures a functioning pressure wave process immediately after the diesel engine starts. The cell rotor (2) is then further accelerated by the exhaust gases of the diesel engine and then releases itself from the drive connection with the electric motor (10a), which has been put out of operation in the meantime.

Abstract: In this pressure wave supercharger, the driving belt pulley (19) for the rotor having a freewheel clutch (23) and rolling contact bearings (22) provided on both sides of the same are supported on the rotor shaft (18+20). With respect to the operation of the pressure wave supercharger, this provides the advantages of drive by the engine with constant engine/rotor transmission ratio and of a free-running rotor driven by the gas forces alone.

Abstract: In an internal combustion engine supercharged by a pressure-wave supercharger (2), a lambda probe (7) is used for measurement of the oxygen content in the circuit. The oxygen content determined by the lambda probe (7) creates a measuring signal (9), which is used for controlling the throttle valve (4) and/or the starting valve (6). This control is aimed at reducing the NO.sub.x emissions from the combustion and possibly ensuring the regeneration of an exhaust gas particle filter (3) integrated in the circuit. In this arrangement, the lambda probe (7) is to be placed in the low-pressure exhaust gas line (444), which has a positive effect on the response capability and the accuracy of the measured data of the probe (7). This obviates the need for additional aids for the correction of pressure fluctuations such as occur at other points in the circuit of the internal combustion engine.

Abstract: In a free-running pressure wave supercharger driven by the gas forces, nozzles (27) are provided in the gas casing (6) and possibly also in the air casing (5), which nozzles are connected--via a drive line (26)--with a position in the air casing (5), preferably with the high-pressure air port (2), at which position a surplus pressure relative to the nozzle entry occurs during the run-up phase of the pressure wave supercharger. A control device 15 actuates a supercharge air flat (14) in the port (2) and a valve device (23+25) in the drive line (26) in the opposite sense, i.e. if the supercharge air flap (14) holds the port (2) closed, the valve device (23+25) frees the flow through the drive line (26) to the nozzle (27) and vice versa. The diaphragm capsule (17) of the control device (15) is subjected, on one side, to the pressure in a compression pocket (11) via a control pressure line (19) and, on the other side, to the pressure before the supercharge air flap (14) in the port (2).

Abstract: In the high pressure exhaust gas duct of a pressure wave supercharger, a rotary valve is supported in the region where the gas pocket supply branches off from the high pressure exhaust gas duct, the angular position of the rotary valve being controlled either in steps or steplessly by one or more parameters typical of the pressure wave process and, if necessary, of the engine working process or the engine operating condition. Depending on the operating condition, the rotary valve closes the high pressure exhaust gas duct and the gas pocket supply duct completely or partially. Control is preferably carried out by a step motor with characteristics control by an in-process computer.

Abstract: The exhaust gas particle filter has a parabola shaped recess in the core ensuring that the inlet flow of the exhaust gases is directed towards the central filter part. The latter has a lower degree of separation relative to the outer filter part--caused by increased filter porosity and smaller mass--so that the exhaust gases flow through the central filter part in the initial phase. Its larger filter porosity and the small mass cause the temperature reduction of the exhaust gas flowing through to remain small so that a downstream supercharger can respond rapidly. Since the separation of soot particles initially occurs primarily in the central filter part, rapid deposition occurs--despite its low degree of separation--so that the resistance during the operation following the acceleration phase becomes similar to that of the surrounding outer filter part. The latter then offers the capacity of separating soot particles over a longer period without regeneration.

Abstract: A process for continuous regeneration of an exhaust-gas filter of an internal combustion engine having a supercharger unit is described. Operating parameters of the engine are compared to pre-set values in a control device to adjust the position of a throttle flap valve preceding the supercharger unit in order to maintain a high temperature on the exhaust-gas filter.

Abstract: An exhaust gas blow-down valve of a pressure wave supercharger comprising a flap which is connected by a flap lever, a flap shaft and a second lever to a control device responsive to a process pressure of the pressure wave supercharger. In order to avoid deterioration of the scavenging coefficient of the pressure wave supercharger, a restraining screen is provided around part of the periphery of the flap at a distance from it, which restraining screen deflects the exhaust gas flowing out of the flap gap into the desired direction parallel to the axis of the exhaust gas outlet stub pipe.

Abstract: In the control equipment of a pressure wave supercharger for supercharging vehicle internal combustion engines, a precontrol device is provided to actuate the control device, which precontrol device is connected in each case via a precontrol pressure pipe and a control pressure pipe with one or several of the pressure tapping positions located in the region of the supercharge air duct.

Abstract: In internal combustion engines (1), the sealing of the combustion chamber by pistons and piston rings is not absolute. Throughout the working cycle, gases from the cylinder enter the crankcase (1a). These blow-by gases must be able to escape from the crankcase (1a). In a device for returning the blow-by gases into the system of an internal combustion engine (1) supercharged with a gas-dynamic pressure-wave supercharger (10), it is envisaged that a gas delivery unit designed as an ejector (20) generates a reduced pressure in the crankcase (1a). The ejector (20) is operated with a propellant gas from a line (16) which is taken from the supercharger airline (13), a control (8) placed in the propellant gas line (16) ensuring that the reduced pressure in the crankcase (1a) never exceeds a defined value. The blow-by gases in the line (2) flow through an oil separator (4) and, mixed with the propellant gas in the line (16), are then returned into the exhaust line (15) of the engine system.

Abstract: In order to limnit the exhaust particulate emission when supercharging a pressure wave machine-supercharged internal combustion engine, an exhaust particulates filter is arranged in the high-pressure part of the exhaust gas system ahead of the pressure wave machine.By increasing the supply of fuel to the engine itself and/or briefly closing a charge air flap valve a recirculation flap valve and/or brief opening of a exhaust gas by-pass valve, the exhaust gas attains the combustion temperature of soot components deposited on the surface of the filter. These soot components are burned off, and the filter is automatically regenerated.

Abstract: Provision is made in the induced air duct and/or in the exhaust duct of the pressure wave supercharger for butterfly valves, by the control of which the exhaust gas proportion to be returned to the charge air is matched to the load condition of the engine. The adjustment of the butterfly valve or butterfly valves occurs through a linkage as a function of the load condition of the engine. A correction link acts on the linkage being provided to compensate for pressure alterations in the induced air duct and/or exhaust duct.

Abstract: A method for supercharging internal combustion engines with turbochargers wherein the engine is operated in the lowest load region as a naturally aspirated engine, and the waste gate, the inlet section of the turbine and all other exhaust gas ducts present are fully open. When this load range is exceeded, the flow area of the turbine inlet is reduced to its minimum operational value and subsequently, with a further increase in load, is increased again to its maximum value at full load. The engine operated according to this method has a varioturbocharger whose turbine inlet flow area is controlled by a throttle slide as a function of the fuel injection quantity and the boost pressure by means of an adjustment device and a control pressure modulator.

Abstract: The pressure wave supercharger with rolling bearings for the rotor shaft has ducts in the air casing connecting the shaft space with the air induction duct in order to cool the two ball bearings mainly subjected to heating effects and located in the rotor side part of the shaft space. The rolling bearing on the driving belt side is a needle bearing.

Abstract: A gas-dynamic pressure wave machine with an exhaust gas bypass (11) which includes a flap (12) provided in the bypass (11) which opens with higher engine speeds in order to limit the peak pressure in the internal combustion engine (9). A flap control is provided via a pressure box (14) with a process pressure, for example, exhaust gas pressure, as the controlling dimension. The process pressure is coupled with a constant pressure such as a vacuum or excess pressure for altitude compensation and temperature compensation in such a manner that the process pressure is to be raised by the same amount with a decreasing atmospheric pressure. For this purpose, the pressure box (14) is divided into first and second separate chambers (16, 17) by means of a diaphragm (15) and the process pressure acts on the first chamber while the second chamber is maintained under a constant pressure. The diaphragm (15) acts on the flap (12) through a plurality of rods (19-23).

Abstract: At least the rotor housing and the rotor of the dynamic-pressure machine comprises ceramic materials. To compensate the different thermal expansions of the ceramic components and metal components the connecting arrangements are elastically resilient essentially parallel to the rotor axis, to such an extent that the positive locking of the connecting arrangements is maintained over the entire temperature range occurring during operation, without the compressive strength of the ceramic components being exceeded.

Abstract: A process for operating an internal-combustion engine with a supercharger which can be cut out, and a device for carrying out the process are disclosed. The engine has, aside from the supercharger or compressor which can be cut in or out as desired, an exhaust-gas return arrangement. No exhaust gas can be conveyed back into the intake line when the compressor is cut in and therefore when there is a pressure rise at the cylinder inlet to above atmospheric pressure and above the pressure prevailing in an exhaust-gas line. The return of exhaust gas into the intake line is prevented in such a way that an exhaust-gas return line opens, opposite a supercharger delivery line from the supercharger, into an intake line to the engine.

Abstract: A control apparatus for a gas dynamic pressure-wave machine for charging combustion engines. The inflow cross-sectional area of the gas pocket in the high-pressure exhaust channel is controlled in accordance with the desired operating conditions of the engine by a bimetallic flap or valve member as a function of the temperature of the high-pressure exhaust gas.

Abstract: The invention includes new 2-amino-3a,4,5,6-tetrahydro-perimidines and method for their preparation from corresponding racemacic compounds. Also included in the invention are pharmaceutical compositions containing said 2-amino-3a,4,5,6-tetrahydro-perimidines and methods for the use of said compounds and compositions.