Abstract: An optical element may include a plurality of subsurface induced scattering centers formed in the optical element, where the plurality of subsurface induced scattering centers scatter light passing through the optical element. In some implementations, the plurality of subsurface induced scattering centers may form a scattering region in the optical element. Additionally, or alternatively, the plurality of subsurface induced scattering centers may spatially vary transmission of light through the optical element. The optical element may be an optical waveguide, a bulk optic, and/or the like.

Abstract: An optical fiber may include a core in which core-guided light generated by one or more light sources propagates along a length of the at least one optical fiber, one or more claddings, surrounding the core, to guide cladding-guided light generated by the one or more light sources along the length of the at least one optical fiber, and a reflector structure machined into the at least one optical fiber. The reflector structure may include multiple angled facets arranged at one or more respective angles relative to an axis of the optical fiber to reflect at least a portion of the core-guided light and/or the cladding-guided light passing through the optical fiber.

Abstract: An optical element may include a plurality of subsurface induced scattering centers formed in the optical element, where the plurality of subsurface induced scattering centers scatter light passing through the optical element. In some implementations, the plurality of subsurface induced scattering centers may form a scattering region in the optical element. Additionally, or alternatively, the plurality of subsurface induced scattering centers may spatially vary transmission of light through the optical element. The optical element may be an optical waveguide, a bulk optic, and/or the like.

Abstract: An optical fiber may include a core in which core-guided light generated by one or more light sources propagates along a length of the at least one optical fiber, one or more claddings, surrounding the core, to guide cladding-guided light generated by the one or more light sources along the length of the at least one optical fiber, and a reflector structure machined into the at least one optical fiber. The reflector structure may include multiple angled facets arranged at one or more respective angles relative to an axis of the optical fiber to reflect at least a portion of the core-guided light and/or the cladding-guided light passing through the optical fiber.

Abstract: A Bessel beam laser-cutting system may comprise an ultrafast laser light source, an axicon, a first lens, and a second lens. The ultrafast light source may be configured to emit a beam into the axicon. The axicon may be configured to diffract the beam into a first/primary Bessel beam in a near field of the axicon and an annular beam in a far field of the axicon. The first lens may be configured to focus the annular beam. The second lens may be configured to converge the focused annular beam into a second/secondary Bessel beam to modify a transparent material, wherein a modification depth of the modification generated by the second/secondary Bessel beam is to be within a range of tens of micrometers to several millimeters inside the transparent material.

Abstract: A machining process, associated with a workpiece, may include controlling, by a control device, a pulse repetition frequency (PRF) of an ultrashort pulse laser. The PRF may be controlled to maintain a substantially constant distance, on the workpiece, between adjacent pulses on a path. The substantially constant distance may be maintained despite changes in a speed of the path relative to the workpiece. An amount of energy of each pulse on the path may be substantially constant despite changes to the PRF associated with controlling the PRF.

Abstract: An apparatus for optically pumping a laser-active solid body with pumping light coupled into the solid body through an end surface of the solid body is disclosed. The apparatus includes a laser-active solid body including an end surface though which pumping light is coupled into the solid body and a lateral surface through which pumping light exits the solid body, a reflector surrounding the laser-active solid body at a distance from the lateral surface of the solid body for reflecting light that exists the solid body back towards the solid body, and a surface for diffusing light that is coupled into the solid body through the end surface of the solid body and that exits the solid body through the lateral surface. The surface is selected from the group consisting of the lateral surface and a surface of the reflector.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the manufacture and use of novel pre-coated abrasive particles and particle slurries for the chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) of semiconductor wafers, thin films, inter-layer dielectric, metals, and other components during integrated circuit, flat panel display, or MEMS manufacturing. For example, polishing slurry abrasive particles can be pre-coated with additives, such as, inhibitors and/or surfactants during manufacture of the abrasive particles or slurry. The additive's opportunity to react directly with the abrasive particles early in the particle manufacturing process provides a slurry having a more stable, selectable, and predictable ratio of abrasive particles pre-coated with a more stable, selectable, and predictable amount and type of additives.

Abstract: An apparatus for optically pumping a laser-active solid body with pumping light coupled into the solid body through an end surface of the solid body is disclosed. The apparatus includes a laser-active solid body including an end surface though which pumping light is coupled into the solid body and a lateral surface through which pumping light exits the solid body, a reflector surrounding the laser-active solid body at a distance from the lateral surface of the solid body for reflecting light that exists the solid body back towards the solid body, and a surface for diffusing light that is coupled into the solid body through the end surface of the solid body and that exits the solid body through the lateral surface. The surface is selected from the group consisting of the lateral surface and a surface of the reflector.