Abstract: According to the invention, in order to allow reliable concentration measurements of a gaseous or solid material in a measurement volume, at least one part of an exhaust plume in the measurement volume is captured by an imaging unit and a total passage path of the light beam through the exhaust plume in the measurement volume is determined from the captured image of the at least one part of the exhaust plume, and a concentration of the gaseous or solid material in the measurement volume is determined from the determined decrease in the light intensity and from the total passage path.

Abstract: The invention relates to a device for measuring at least one gaseous or solid material in at least one measurement volume at a stationary measurement station, wherein: a light source and at least one detector are provided, and at least one main primary beam can be emitted from the light source to at least one beam splitter unit; the at least one beam splitter unit is disposed at a first distance from a first reflection region of a reflection unit, and the beam splitter unit splits the main primary beam into at least one first partial beam oriented through the measurement volume toward the first reflection region and at least one secondary primary beam oriented in a different direction than the main primary beam; at least one deflecting unit is disposed at a second distance from a second reflection region, and the at least one secondary primary beam can be directed to the deflecting unit by means of the beam splitter unit and the at least one secondary primary beam can be directed, as a second partial beam, th

Abstract: Various embodiments of the present disclosure are directed to measuring rims and methods for measuring a brake abrasion of a wheel brake having a measuring rim. In one embodiment, consistent with the present disclosure, a measuring rim is disclosed including a circumferential tire support surface connected on one side to an end wall and on an opposite side to a seal to form an outwardly closed inner space, and a rotary feed-through provided on a central region of the end wall, the rotary feed-through configured to supply a gaseous medium to the inner space of the measuring rim and remove it therefrom.

Abstract: Various embodiments of the present disclosure are directed to measuring rims and methods for measuring a brake abrasion of a wheel brake having a measuring rim. In one embodiment, consistent with the present disclosure, a measuring rim is disclosed including a circumferential tire support surface connected on one side to an end wall and on an opposite side to a seal to form an outwardly closed inner space, and a rotary feed-through provided on a central region of the end wall, the rotary feed-through configured to supply a gaseous medium to the inner space of the measuring rim and remove it therefrom.

Abstract: The invention relates to a water-jet device. The aim of the invention is to improve the adaptation of one such water-jet device to different applications. To this end, the piston cylinder unit (2) is connected to the eccentric drive device (20) in a separable manner and is embodied as an application-specific set with the suction line (4), the pressure line (7), and the operating handpiece (3). According to the invention, the piston cylinder unit (2) is especially provided with an annular fixing region (25) in which the sealing element of the piston (17) plunges and loses tension in the drawn-out end position of the piston (17), and the membrane (26) has sufficient free space to move.

Abstract: In order to reduce the required separating and suction forces on the operational handpiece (1), the slit of the nozzle (8) is inclined at an angle (A) in relation to the plane of the axis of the injection cannula (5) and the angle (A) is selected in such a way that a flat liquid jet (9) is formed with at least one separation tip (10) and a first separation edge(11), in addition to a second separator edge (12), and a separator surface (13).

Abstract: The invention relates to devices for removing an endoprosthesis or an implant which is implanted in the body and is made of a synthetic material. The inventive devices and methods are characterized especially by the fact that a minimal amount of tissue decomposes such that the endoprosthesis or the implant can be removed gently, the endoprosthesis, the implant, or a section thereof embodying a conductor. The endoprosthesis or the implant and at least one electrode that is connected in an electrically conducting manner to a surface area of the endoprosthesis of the implant, or at least one electrode which is in contact with a region of the material surrounding the endoprosthesis or the implant, are connected to an HF generator as an AC current source in order to separate the endoprosthesis or the implant from material surrounding the same in such a way that power is applied to the tissue and/or the biomaterial that surrounds the endoprosthesis or the implant.

Abstract: The invention allows an increase in scope of application of a surgical device wherein the operational handpiece is embodied in the form of two parts, one of which includes a handpiece with an injection cannula and the other being a complementary part. The complementary part includes a stabilization handle and can be placed onto the injection cannula in addition to being able to be fixed to the handpiece of the operational handpiece.

Abstract: The invention relates to a water-jet device. The aim of the invention is to improve the adaptation of one such water-jet device to different applications. To this end, the piston cylinder unit (2) is connected to the eccentric drive device (20) in a separable manner and is embodied as an application-specific set with the suction line (4), the pressure line (7), and the operating handpiece (3). According to the invention, the piston cylinder unit (2) is especially provided with an annular fixing region (25) in which the sealing element of the piston (17) plunges and loses tension in the drawn-out end position of the piston (17), and the membrane (26) has sufficient free space to move.

Abstract: The water jet of a conventional water jet device is straight, bundled and impinges with its complete cross-section onto the biological structure to be separated. This renders the separating section frequently imprecise and requires an increased flow pressure. Therefore, a water jet device with a novel separating nozzle (14) is furnished. This separating nozzle (14) is furnished with a nozzle channel (15), wherein the nozzle channel (15) is furnished with one or several twisted grooves (16) at the circumference of the nozzle channel (15) and wherein the number of the twisted grooves (16) and the diameter and the length of the nozzle channel (15) are placed in such ratio that the separating jet subjected to pressure is rotated.

Abstract: The invention allows an increase in scope of application of a surgical device wherein the operational handpiece is embodied in the form of two parts, one of which includes a handpiece with an injection cannula and the other being a complementary part. The complementary part includes a stabilization handle and can be placed onto the injection cannula in addition to being able to be fixed to the handpiece of the operational handpiece.

Abstract: In order to reduce the required separating and suction forces on the operational handpiece (1), the slit of the nozzle (8) is inclined at an angle (A) in relation to the plane of the axis of the injection cannula (5) and the angle (A) is selected in such a way that a flat liquid jet (9) is formed with at least one separation tip (10) and a first separation edge (11), in addition to a second separator edge (12), and a separator surface (13).

Abstract: Fatty tissue is conventionally removed from the human body by disrupting the fatty tissue cells, by means of ultrasound and then being sucked out. The above damages the human body as other neighboring tissue cells, such as blood cells, which are also disrupted. A surgical device is therefore disclosed which comprises a liquid jet device with a particular operating hand piece (1). The operating hand piece (1) comprises a capillary (3) for the emerging liquid jet and a capillary (4) for sucking out the separated tissue cells. The emerging liquid jet is formed in cross-section so as to give a sloughing effect.

Abstract: The water jet of a conventional water jet device is straight, bundled and impinges with its complete cross-section onto the biological structure to be separated. This renders the separating section frequently imprecise and requires an increased flow pressure. Therefore, a water jet device with a novel separating nozzle (14) is furnished. This separating nozzle (14) is furnished with a nozzle channel (15), wherein the nozzle channel (15) is furnished with one or several twisted grooves (16) at the circumference of the nozzle channel (15) and wherein the number of the twisted grooves (16) and the diameter and the length of the nozzle channel (15) are placed in such ratio that the separating jet subjected to pressure is rotated.

Abstract: A device for removing pathological centers is therefore proposed which consists of a supply capillary (11) with a supply channel (14), wherein the supply channel (14) has at its distal end a throttle and is operatively connected to the discharge channel (13) of the discharge capillary (12).

Abstract: A rearview mirror suitable for vehicles, especially motor vehicles, is composed of a transparent substrate, preferably of soda silica glass and a rear reflection coating comprising a metal mirror layer, preferably chromium, and a dielectric triple interference layer system placed between the metal mirror layer and the transparent substrate. The triple interference layer system comprises, in contact with the metal layer, a dielectric layer having a high refractive index, e.g., titanium dioxide, a next layer having a low refractive index, e.g., silicon dioxide, and next a dielectric layer having a medium refractive index, e.g., a mixed TiO.sub.2 and SiO.sub.2 layer. With the selection of suitable layer thicknesses, a total reflection of at least 40% and a blue reflection tint, independent of the viewing angle, are attained.