Abstract: An apparatus lets a user to determine a pool of images and then forms from the pool of images a set of images for user authentication and divides the set of images into two mutually exclusive subsets: a key image subset comprising images referred to as key images and a decoy image subset comprising images referred to as decoy images. The apparatus displays the key images to the user to teach the key images to the user. Then, to authenticate the user, the apparatus produces an assortment of decoy images and key images, and displays the assortment to the user. The apparatus receives from the user identification of images held as key images and verifies whether the identification of key images matched with the key images selected by the processor.

Abstract: A method, apparatus and computer program product are provided for secure software download or installation. In this regard, sensory notifications and cognitive activities are implemented prior to proceeding to a download or installation procedure. For example, a sensory notification can be provided if security attributes of software are noncompliant with security preferences. Additionally, performance of a task can be required if security attributes of software are noncompliant with the security preferences prior to installation of the software, wherein requiring performance of a task comprises selecting the task such that the task is variable from one installation of the software to another installation of the software.

Abstract: An apparatus lets a user to determine a pool of images and then forms from the pool of images a set of images for user authentication and divides the set of images into two mutually exclusive subsets: a key image subset comprising images referred to as key images and a decoy image subset comprising images referred to as decoy images. The apparatus displays the key images to the user to teach the key images to the user. Then, to authenticate the user, the apparatus produces an assortment of decoy images and key images, and displays the assortment to the user. The apparatus receives from the user identification of images held as key images and verifies whether the identification of key images matched with the key images selected by the processor.

Abstract: A method, apparatus and computer program product are provided for secure software download or installation. In this regard, sensory notifications and cognitive activities are implemented prior to proceeding to a download or installation procedure. For example, a sensory notification can be provided if security attributes of software are noncompliant with security preferences. Additionally, performance of a task can be required if security attributes of software are noncompliant with the security preferences prior to installation of the software, wherein requiring performance of a task comprises selecting the task such that the task is variable from one installation of the software to another installation of the software.

Abstract: A bandwidth estimation in a resource of a data communication system. After a data unit in a data flow has been received, a recent pulse density for the data flow over a period that includes the received data unit and starts from a time point that precedes the received data unit in the flow is computed. An overall pulse density is computed based on the computed recent pulse density and a previous overall pulse density computed earlier for the data flow. The computation of the overall pulse density is based on values of the computed recent pulse density and the previous overall pulse density. The values are weighted relative to each other. The used bandwidth is estimated based on the weighted overall pulse density.

Abstract: The present invention relates to bandwith estimation in a resources of a data communication system. After a data unit in a data flow has been received, a recent pulse density for the data flow over a period that includes the received data unit and starts from a time point that precedes the received data unit and starts from a time point that prededs the received data unit in the flow is computer. An overall pulse density is computed based on said computed recent pulse density and a previous overall pulse density computed earlier for the data flow. The computation of the overall pulse density is based on values of the computed recent pulse density and the previous overall pulse density. Said values are weighted relative to each other. The used bandwidth is estimated based on the weighted overall pulse density.