Abstract: Various aspects of the present disclosure are directed to a cylinder head for an internal combustion engine. In one example embodiment, the cylinder head includes at least one spark plug having at least one earth electrode, a precombustion chamber accommodating the at least one spark plug, and a fuel channel which leads into the precombustion chamber. The fuel channel having a flow axis at an outlet that is oriented in the direction of the at least one earth electrode. An axis of rotation of the at least one spark plug has an offset with respect to the flow axis between 0 and 15% of the greatest precombustion chamber diameter.

Abstract: Various aspects of the present disclosure are directed to a cylinder head for an internal combustion engine. In one example embodiment, the cylinder head includes at least one spark plug having at least one earth electrode, a precombustion chamber accommodating the at least one spark plug, and a fuel channel which leads into the precombustion chamber. The fuel channel having a flow axis at an outlet that is oriented in the direction of the at least one earth electrode. An axis of rotation of the at least one spark plug has an offset with respect to the flow axis between 0 and 15% of the greatest precombustion chamber diameter.

Abstract: Compositions and methods are provided for modulating adeno-associated virus (AAV) infection. For example, compositions and methods are provided for enhancing permissiveness of a target cell to AAV infection (e.g., by increasing levels of AAVR (KIAA0319L) in the cell), for reducing permissiveness of a target cell to AAV infection (e.g., by reducing levels of AAVR in the cell), and for nucleic acid delivery (e.g., by (i) increasing permissiveness of a target cell to AAV infection, e.g., by increasing the amount of AAVR in the cell; and (ii) contacting the target cell with an AAV particle that includes a nucleic acid of interest). Also provided are screening methods and kits for practicing the methods of the disclosure.

Abstract: Compositions and methods are provided for modulating adeno-associated virus (AAV) infection. For example, compositions and methods are provided for enhancing permissiveness of a target cell to AAV infection (e.g., by increasing levels of AAVR (KIAA0319L) in the cell), for reducing permissiveness of a target cell to AAV infection (e.g., by reducing levels of AAVR in the cell), and for nucleic acid delivery (e.g., by (i) increasing permissiveness of a target cell to AAV infection, e.g., by increasing the amount of AAVR in the cell; and (ii) contacting the target cell with an AAV particle that includes a nucleic acid of interest). Also provided are screening methods and kits for practicing the methods of the disclosure.

Abstract: The invention relates to an exhaust gas cleaning device (2) for an internal combustion engine, with an injection module (1) for a reduction agent, particularly urea, having a housing (3) with a main chamber (4), in which main chamber (4) a mixing tube (5) is arranged downstream of a metering chamber (6) into which the reduction agent is injected by means of an injection device (11). The injection module (1) for exhaust gas has at least one first inlet (8) into the main chamber (4) and at least one first outlet (7b) out of the mixing tube (5). In order to achieve a high exhaust gas quality in as simple and space-saving a manner as possible, the metering chamber (6) has at least one second inlet (12) for exhaust gas, the main chamber (4) has at least one second outlet (9) for exhaust gas, and the main chamber (4) is separated in a gas-tight manner from the metering chamber (6) and from the interior (5a) of the mixing tube (5).

Abstract: The invention relates to an exhaust gas cleaning device (2) for an internal combustion engine, with an injection module (1) for a reduction agent, particularly urea, having a housing (3) with a main chamber (4), in which main chamber (4) a mixing tube (5) is arranged downstream of a metering chamber (6) into which the reduction agent is injected by means of an injection device (11). The injection module (1) for exhaust gas has at least one first inlet (8) into the main chamber (4) and at least one first outlet (7b) out of the mixing tube (5). In order to achieve a high exhaust gas quality in as simple and space-saving a manner as possible, the metering chamber (6) has at least one second inlet (12) for exhaust gas, the main chamber (4) has at least one second outlet (9) for exhaust gas, and the main chamber (4) is separated in a gas-tight manner from the metering chamber (6) and from the interior (5a) of the mixing tube (5).

Abstract: An internal combustion engine having at least one catalytic converter unit for cleaning the exhaust gases produced during the operation of the internal combustion engine. The internal combustion engine includes at least one catalytic converter body which is arranged upstream of an exhaust gas heat exchanger in an exhaust gas flow path, especially an exhaust gas recirculation line.

Abstract: The invention relates to an internal combustion engine (1), comprising an intake system (2) and an exhaust system, with the exhaust system being connected to the intake system (2) via at least one exhaust gas recirculation line (3) ending in an intake line (4), and with at least one swirl element (8) being disposed within the intake line (4). In order to achieve good thorough mixing of the recirculated exhaust gas with fresh air, it is provided that the swirl element (8) is arranged in the region of the wall (4a) of the intake line (4).