Abstract: The invention relates to a method and a system for producing a hydrocarbon- and hydrogen-containing gas mixture from plastics, and the use of the system for producing this gas mixture and the use of this gas mixture as a starting material in chemical syntheses or for gas supply.

Abstract: A glow plug, in particular for use in an internal combustion engine. The glow plug includes at least one heating body and at least one housing. The heating body has at least one first terminal contact extending from a base body of the heating body into a housing. The glow plug also has a second terminal contact extending at least partially within the housing. At least one contacting element having at least one opening is provided inside the housing, the first terminal contact and the second terminal contact being introduced into the opening from opposite sides and being electrically connected.

Abstract: A glow plug, in particular for use in an internal combustion engine. The glow plug includes at least one heating body and at least one housing. The heating body has at least one first terminal contact extending from a base body of the heating body into a housing. The glow plug also has a second terminal contact extending at least partially within the housing. At least one contacting element having at least one opening is provided inside the housing, the first terminal contact and the second terminal contact being introduced into the opening from opposite sides and being electrically connected.

Abstract: A method for monitoring at least one glow plug of an internal combustion engine in which a time-dependent variable, which characterizes the current flowing through the at least one glow plug, is compared for fault recognition to at least one time-dependent minimum and/or maximum threshold value, and a fault is recognized if the time-dependent variable is greater and/or less than the minimum and/or maximum threshold value. The method is characterized in that the first derivative of the time-dependent variable is compared to the first derivative of the maximum threshold value and the second derivative of the time-dependent variable is compared to the second derivative of the maximum threshold value, and a fault is recognized if the first derivative of the time-dependent variable is less than the first derivative the maximum threshold value, and the second derivative of the time-dependent variable is less than the second derivative of the maximum threshold value.

Abstract: An apparatus for heating fuel, in particular alcohol, for the operation of combustion engines. The latter can be operated with alcohol or with an alcohol/gasoline mixture. The apparatus for heating fuel is integrated into the injection system of the combustion engine operable with alcohol or with an alcohol/gasoline mixture. The apparatus comprises a thin-walled heating tube that is received in a housing and surrounds a heating element. The heating element is produced from a material that exhibits a considerable rise in its electrical resistance with increasing temperature.

Abstract: A sheathed-element glow plug, in particular for starting a self-igniting internal combustion engine, including a glow element having a tip that projects into a combustion chamber of the internal combustion engine, the glow element including a glow tube. Disposed inside the glow tube is a glow filament, which has a specific electric cold resistance in the range of between 0.2 to 1.0 ??m, the specific electric resistance increasing as the temperature rises. Furthermore, a device for detecting the temperature of a sheathed-element glow plug and a method for detecting the temperature of a sheathed-element glow plug, the resistance of the glow filament during operation being detected and the temperature at the tip of the glow tube being determined from the resistance.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a sheathed-element glow plug (1) for an internal combustion engine, essentially made up of a plug shell (2) and a glow element (3) that is electrically connected to the plug shell (2), as well as an integrated pressure sensor. The sheathed-element glow plug (1) has at least one elastic element (4; 204, 204?; 304) that is situated between the inner surface (10) of the plug shell (2) and the glow element (3), this element forming an electrical contact both to a part of the inner surface (10) of the plug shell (2) and to a part of the glow element surface (7), and this element being deformable when a force acts on the glow element (3), and this element permitting a relative movement between the glow element (3) and the shell (2).

Abstract: The present invention relates to a sheathed-element glow plug (1) for an internal combustion engine, essentially made up of a plug shell (2) and a glow element (3) that is electrically connected to the plug shell (2), as well as an integrated pressure sensor. The sheathed-element glow plug (1) has at least one elastic element (4; 204, 204?; 304) that is situated between the inner surface (10) of the plug shell (2) and the glow element (3), this element forming an electrical contact both to a part of the inner surface (10) of the plug shell (2) and to a part of the glow element surface (7), and this element being deformable when a force acts on the glow element (3), and this element permitting a relative movement between the glow element (3) and the shell (2).

Abstract: A sheathed-element glow plug for an internal combustion engine, in which the sheathed-element glow plug is arranged or constructed so that it substantially reduces the glow temperature during the heat-up process. The control filament is considerably shortened and has a resistance between 20 m? and 100 m?.

Abstract: A sheathed-element glow plug, in particular for internal combustion engines, includes a housing, a glow plug situated on the housing and having a heating and regulating filament situated in the glow tube, current being applicable to this heating and regulating filament via a terminal stud situated in the housing. The control filament r the heating filament or the heating and control filament are optionally multiple-coil filaments.

Abstract: A sheathed-element glow plug for an internal combustion engine, in which the sheathed-element glow plug is arranged or constructed so that it substantially reduces the glow temperature during the heat-up process. The control filament is considerably shortened and has a resistance between 20 m? and 100 m?.

Abstract: A sheathed-element glow plug, in particular for internal combustion engines, includes a housing, a glow plug situated on the housing and having a heating and regulating filament situated in the glow tube, current being applicable to this heating and regulating filament via a terminal stud situated in the housing. The control filament r the heating filament or the heating and control filament are optionally multiple-coil filaments.

Abstract: A pin heater in a sheathed-element glow plug and a sheathed-element glow plug for internal combustion engines, which have improved electrical and mechanical properties, are described. The pin heater has at least one essentially internal insulating layer and one essentially external first conductive layer, both layers including ceramic composite structures. The pin heater includes a second conductive layer, which also includes a ceramic composite structure. The second conductive layer is bonded to the first conductive layer in the region of a combustion chamber side tip of the pin heater. The second conductive layer runs inside the insulating layer.

Abstract: An electrically heatable glow plug and a method of manufacturing an electrically heatable glow plug allow better decoupling between a heating coil and a combustion-chamber-side end of a glow tube. The electrically heatable glow plug for internal combustion engines includes a metallic glow tube, sealed on the combustion-chamber side, into which an electrically conductive heating coil is introduced, the heating coil being connected in an electrically conductive manner to the glow tube in the region of the sealed combustion-chamber-side end of the glow tube. A sealing arrangement is provided which seals the glow tube on the combustion-chamber side and supports the heating coil and only protrudes into the heating coil if the heating coil is connected to the sealing arrangement via an inner side of the heating coil, for which purpose the sealing arrangement is in contact with the inner side of the heating coil essentially over the entire length protruding into the heating coil.

Abstract: An electrically heatable glow plug and a method for manufacturing an electrically heatable glow plug are proposed that enable a protection of a heating coil of the glow plug against nitridation and evaporation of the aluminum from the heating conductor alloy. The glow plug includes a glow tube that is closed at the end, into which the electrically conductive heating coil is inserted, the heating coil being formed at least partially of aluminum, in particular of an aluminun-iron-chromium alloy. In the glow tube, oxygen donors are provided in order to form an aluminum oxide layer on the surface of the heating coil before or during the heating of the heating coil.

Abstract: An electrically heatable glow plug and a method of manufacturing an electrically heatable glow plug allow better decoupling between a heating coil and a combustion-chamber-side end of a glow tube. The electrically heatable glow plug for internal combustion engines includes a metallic glow tube, sealed on the combustion-chamber side, into which an electrically conductive heating coil is introduced, the heating coil being connected in an electrically conductive manner to the glow tube in the region of the sealed combustion-chamber-side end of the glow tube. A sealing arrangement is provided which seals the glow tube on the combustion-chamber side and supports the heating coil and only protrudes into the heating coil if the heating coil is connected to the sealing arrangement via an inner side of the heating coil, for which purpose the sealing arrangement is in contact with the inner side of the heating coil essentially over the entire length protruding into the heating coil.

Abstract: An electrically heatable glow plug (1) and a method for manufacturing an electrically heatable glow plug (1) are proposed that enable a protection of a heating coil (10) of the glow plug (1) against nitridation and evaporation of the aluminum from the heating conductor alloy. The glow plug (1) includes a glow tube (5) that is closed at the end, into which the electrically conductive heating coil (10) is inserted, the heating coil (10) being formed at least partially of aluminum, in particular of an aluminum-iron-chromium alloy. In the glow tube (5), oxygen donors are provided in order to form an aluminum oxide layer on the surface of the heating coil (10) before or during the heating of the heating coil (10).

Abstract: A pin heater (1) in a sheathed-element glow plug (5) and a sheathed-element glow plug (5) for internal combustion engines, which have improved electrical and mechanical properties, are described. The pin heater (1) has at least one essentially internal insulating layer (10) and one essentially external first conductive layer (15, 16), both layers (10; 15, 16) including ceramic composite structures. The pin heater (1) includes a second conductive layer (20), which also includes a ceramic composite structure. The second conductive layer (20) is bonded to the first conductive layer (15, 16) in the region of a combustion chamber side tip (40) of the pin heater (1). The second conductive layer (20) runs inside the insulating layer (10).

Abstract: A sheathed-element glow plug to be mounted in a combustion chamber is proposed, a rod-shaped heating element being situated in a concentric bore hole of the housing. The heating element has a first current-carrying layer, a second current-carrying layer, and an insulating layer, the insulating layer separating the first current-carrying layer and the second current-carrying layer. The first current-carrying layer and the second current-carrying layer being connected at the end of the heating element on the combustion chamber side by a conducting-layer crosspiece. The first current-carrying layer and the second current-carrying layer are different lengths, the cross section of the first current-carrying layer in a first section at the end of the heating element away from the combustion chamber being greater than the cross section of its remaining length, and the second current-carrying layer not extending into the first section.

Abstract: A sheath heater in a sheathed-type glow plug for diesel engines is described, having at least one generally internal insulation layer and at least one generally external conductive layer, both layers making up a ceramic composite structure. The sheath heater has a generally uniform overall cross-section, generally over its entire length, and, in the area of a tip of the sheath heater, the proportion of the insulation layer in the overall cross-section increases, whereas the proportion of the conductive layer in the overall cross-section decreases.