Abstract: A method for heating a catalytic converter includes a) switching on a compressor; b) at least partially opening an injection valve; c) setting a combustion-air/fuel ratio of ?<1 in combustion chambers; d) detecting an actual value of the oxygen content in the exhaust gas; and e) comparing the actual value with a target value, where the target value corresponds to an exhaust-gas oxygen content that would be set in a region of the catalytic converter if the combustion-air/fuel ratio in the combustion chambers is approximately ?=1, where a manipulated variable output by a controller on a basis of a deviation of the actual value from the target value is kept constant when the actual value reaches one of two limit values of a value range within which the target value is ranged, and where the two limit values deviate from the target value by approximately 3%.

Abstract: The invention relates to a device, in particular a roll cross-cutter, for forming a shingle stream of underlapping or overlapping sheets, in particular of paper or carton sheets, having a transport apparatus for transporting sheets, having a shingling apparatus for underlapping or overlapping sheets in regions, having a deceleration apparatus, downstream of the shingling apparatus in the transport direction of the sheets, for decelerating shingled sheets, in particular by forming a deceleration gap for the passage of shingled, combined sheets, and, preferably, having a cross-cutting apparatus upstream of the shingling apparatus for cutting a material web into individual sheets. According to the invention, the shingling apparatus is designed to be adjustable, in dependence of the cut length, in and/or opposite the transport direction of the sheets.

Abstract: A method for producing security elements, security elements, a security document with at least one security element as well as a transfer film with at least one security element, wherein a three-dimensional object is recorded and a surface profile of the three-dimensional object, described by a function F(x,y), is determined, wherein the function F(x,y) describes the distance between the surface profile and a two-dimensional reference surface spanned by co-ordinate axes x and y at the co-ordinate points x and y. A first microstructure is determined in such a way that the structure height of the first microstructure is limited to a predetermined value smaller than the maximum distance between the surface profile and the two-dimensional reference surface, and the first microstructure provides an observer with a first optical perception which corresponds to the surface profile of the three-dimensional object described by the function F(x,y).

Abstract: The invention relates to an apparatus, in particular a roll cross cutter, for forming a shingled stream of underlapping or overlapping sheets, in particular paper or cardboard sheets, comprising a transport device for transporting sheets, a shingling device for underlapping or overlapping of the sheets at least in some regions, a braking device following the shingling device in the transport direction of the sheets for braking of shingled sheets, in particular by the formation of a brake gap for the passage of sheets brought together in a shingled manner, and a cross-cutting device upstream of the shingling device for cutting a material strip into individual sheets. According to the invention, an intake section is provided between the shingling device and the braking device for intake and further transport of a sheet, trailing in the shingled stream, into the braking device.

Abstract: The invention relates to a security element (1) with a first volume hologram layer (11), which spans a coordinate system with the coordinate axes x and y (3, 4) perpendicular to each other in an unbent state of the security element (1), wherein a first volume hologram is introduced into the first volume hologram layer (11) in at least one first area (51), wherein the first volume hologram is formed such that a first item of information (21-30) is visible for an observer (7) in a first observation situation in a first predefined bent state of the security element (1) and is not visible in the first observation situation in the unbent state of the security element (1) or vice versa.

Abstract: A multilayer body includes a transparent first layer. In the transparent first layer, a multiplicity of microlenses arranged in accordance with a microlens grid are impressed in a first region. Furthermore, the multilayer body includes a second layer, which is arranged below the first layer and in a fixed position with respect to the first layer and has a multiplicity of microimages arranged in accordance with a microimage grid and in each case in an at least regional overlap with one of the microlenses of the microlens grid for the purpose of generating a first optically variable information item. The grid pitches of the microimage grid and of the microlens grid in each case in at least one spatial direction are less than 300 ?m.

Abstract: The invention relates to a device, in particular a roll cross-cutter, for forming a shingle stream of underlapping or overlapping sheets, in particular of paper or carton sheets, having a transport apparatus for transporting sheets, having a shingling apparatus for underlapping or overlapping sheets in regions, having a deceleration apparatus, downstream of the shingling apparatus in the transport direction of the sheets, for decelerating shingled sheets, in particular by forming a deceleration gap for the passage of shingled, combined sheets, and, preferably, having a cross-cutting apparatus upstream of the shingling apparatus for cutting a material web into individual sheets. According to the invention, the shingling apparatus is designed to be adjustable, in dependence of the cut length, in and/or opposite the transport direction of the sheets.

Abstract: An apparatus, in particular roll-type cross cutter, is shown and described, further in particular for forming a shingled stream of underlapping or overlapping sheets, in particular sheets of paper or cardboard, having a cross-cutting device for cutting a material web into individual sheets and having a web storage upstream of the cross-cutting device along the web transport path for storing and/or providing a material web, the material web being fed to the web storage from a web unwinding. According to the invention, it is provided that the web storage for storing the material web is arranged in the region of the cross-cutting device below the running height of the sheets.

Abstract: A method for producing a security element formed as a lenticular flip, including a micro-optical layer, a carrier substrate and an image layer, wherein the image layer includes n images for n=1 to i which are visible from an n-th observation angle allocated to the n-th image, and wherein n is at least 1. The images are imaged on a photoresist with parallel light in contact print or by means of projection. After the photoresist is developed, an image layer which includes the i images is present.

Abstract: A method for forming a volume hologram film having security elements which are formed as a transfer section of the volume hologram film is described, wherein the volume hologram film has n volume hologram layers arranged one over another. The production of the volume hologram film is carried out in a roll-to-roll method with the following method steps: a) providing a carrier film from a supply roll; b) applying an i-th photopolymer layer to the carrier film; c) forming an i-th volume hologram in the photopolymer layer; d) forming an i-th volume hologram layer by curing the i-th photopolymer layer; e) repeating process steps b) to e) n?1 times; f) applying an adhesive layer to the background layer; g) winding the volume hologram film onto a take-up roll.

Abstract: The invention relates to a multilayer body with a carrier film, a partial reflective layer, arranged on the surface of the carrier film, which is at least partially transparent in a first area and opaque in a second area, a partial decorative layer, arranged on a surface of the carrier film and/or the side of the decorative layer facing away from the carrier film, which is present in a third area and not present in a fourth area, wherein the first area overlaps the third area and the second area overlaps the third and the fourth areas. The invention furthermore relates to a method for producing such a multilayer body, a security element with such a multilayer body and a security document with such a security element.

Abstract: A method for producing security elements, security elements, a security document with at least one security element as well as a transfer film with at least one security element, wherein a three-dimensional object is recorded and a surface profile of the three-dimensional object, described by a function F(x,y), is determined, wherein the function F(x,y) describes the distance between the surface profile and a two-dimensional reference surface spanned by co-ordinate axes x and y at the co-ordinate points x and y. A first microstructure is determined in such a way that the structure height of the first microstructure is limited to a predetermined value smaller than the maximum distance between the surface profile and the two-dimensional reference surface, and the first microstructure provides an observer with a first optical perception which corresponds to the surface profile of the three-dimensional object described by the function F(x,y).

Abstract: The invention relates to an apparatus, in particular a roll cross cutter, for forming a shingled stream of underlapping or overlapping sheets, in particular paper or cardboard sheets, comprising a transport device for transporting sheets, a shingling device for underlapping or overlapping of the sheets at least in some regions, a braking device following the shingling device in the transport direction of the sheets for braking of shingled sheets, in particular by the formation of a brake gap for the passage of sheets brought together in a shingled manner, and a cross-cutting device upstream of the shingling device for cutting a material strip into individual sheets. According to the invention, an intake section is provided between the shingling device and the braking device for intake and further transport of a sheet, trailing in the shingled stream, into the braking device.

Abstract: A method for producing a volume hologram with at least one first area in a first color and at least one second area in a second color includes, providing a volume hologram layer made of a photopolymer; arranging a master with a surface structure on the volume hologram layer; exposing the master using coherent light, wherein light which is incident on at least one first partial area of the surface of the master is diffracted or reflected in the direction of the at least one first area of the volume hologram layer and light which is incident on at least one second partial area of the surface of the master is diffracted or reflected in the direction of the at least one second area of the volume hologram, and wherein the light diffracted or reflected by the first and second partial areas differs in at least one optical property.

Abstract: A method for producing security elements, security elements, a security document with at least one security element as well as a transfer film with at least one security element wherein a three-dimensional object is recorded and a surface profile of the three-dimensional object, described by a function F(x,y), is determined, wherein the function F(x,y) describes the distance between the surface profile and a two-dimensional reference surface spanned by co-ordinate axes x and y at the co-ordinate points x and y. A first microstructure is determined in such a way that the structure height of the first microstructure is limited to a predetermined value smaller than the maximum distance between the surface profile and the two-dimensional reference surface, and the first microstructure provides an observer with a first optical perception which corresponds to the surface profile of the three-dimensional object described by the function F(x,y).

Abstract: Method for producing a plastic molded part (1), wherein, in the method, a mold insert (3) with a diffractive surface relief (32) is provided, the mold insert (3) is inserted into one mold half of an injection mold (5) which, together with at least one further mold half, forms a cavity for producing the plastic molded part (1), wherein the mold insert (3) is inserted into the injection mold (5) such that the diffractive surface relief (32) forms a partial area of the surface of the cavity formed by the mold half (5), and the plastic molded part (1) is molded by injection molding by means of the injection mold (5). The invention furthermore relates to a mold insert as well as an injection mold for such a method, as well as a plastic molded part produced in this way.

Abstract: A method for producing a security element formed as a lenticular flip, including a micro-optical layer, a carrier substrate and an image layer, wherein the image layer includes n images for n=1 to i which are visible from an n-th observation angle allocated to the n-th image, and wherein n is at least 1. The images are imaged on a photoresist with parallel light in contact print or by means of projection. After the photoresist is developed, an image layer which includes the i images is present.

Abstract: A security element with a first volume hologram layer, which spans a coordinate system with the coordinate axes x and y perpendicular to each other in an unbent state of the security element, wherein a first volume hologram is introduced into the first volume hologram layer in at least one first area, wherein the first volume hologram is formed such that a first item of information is visible for an observer in a first observation situation in a first predefined bent state of the security element and is not visible in the first observation situation in the unbent state of the security element or vice versa.

Abstract: An optically variable element has first and second diffraction gratings which are high-frequency and therefore act reflectively into the zero diffraction order. Either a first color is generated by the first diffraction grating at a particular angle of rotation and a particular angle of illumination and simultaneously a second color, different from the first color, is generated by the second diffraction grating or a visible color is generated essentially only by the first diffraction grating at a first angle of rotation and a visible color is generated essentially only by the second diffraction grating at a second angle of rotation.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for inspecting a security document (10), the use of an augmented reality system (20) for inspecting a security document (10) as well as an augmented reality system (20). One or more first items of information of the security document (10) are captured by means of an augmented reality system (20), in particular a pair of smartglasses. The one or more first items of information are then checked by comparison with a database (40). Furthermore, one or more of the results of the check of the one or more first items of information are stored and/or one or more of the results of the check of the one or more first items of information are output by means of the augmented reality system (20).