Abstract: Provided is an embodiment to automatically detect signals in track-bound traffic when track-bound vehicles are traveling on track sections in a track network.

Abstract: A method for operating an automation component by a control program having a plurality of control program components, the method including the steps: detecting error events of the control program during an operation of the automation component, downloading a current control program component for error analysis based on error events from a central system, and updating an existing control program component for error analysis by way of the current control program component for error analysis.

Abstract: Provided is an embodiment to automatically detect signals in track-bound traffic when track-bound vehicles are traveling on track sections in a track network.

Abstract: A method for operating an automation component by a control program having a plurality of control program components, the method including the steps: detecting error events of the control program during an operation of the automation component, downloading a current control program component for error analysis based on error events from a central system, and updating an existing control program component for error analysis by way of the current control program component for error analysis.

Abstract: A method of creating a logical position sensor for a component of an automation system includes an automation device determining (i) a unique identifier for the component; (ii) a geographical position of the component; and (iii) a logical position of the component within a production process performed by the automation system. The method further includes the automation device creating a logical position sensor for the component. The logical position sensor comprises a sensor interface which provides access to the unique identifier, the geographical position of the component, and the logical position of the component.

Abstract: A sampling unit (1) with a needle, which forms a sample-holding space for receiving a sample and in or on which a cutting element (6) is mounted movably along the longitudinal axis, wherein the needle and the cutting element (6) can be moved relative to a stationary part by means of a driving device (2), is characterized in that the needle and the cutting element (6) are designed such that they can be moved from a first position into a second position by means of a driving element (9) of the driving device (2), wherein the needle is blocked in the second position, and the cutting element (6) can be moved further into a third position. A sampling device comprises, in addition to such a sampling unit (1), a driving device (2) interacting with the sampling unit (1).

Abstract: A method for preparing an oligonucleotide comprising the steps of synthesizing a phosphoramidite by reacting a hydroxyl-containing compound of formula (A) with a phosphitylating agent in the presence of an activator compound of formula (I), to prepare a phosphitylated compound, then coupling the phosphitylated compound without isolation with a second compound having the formula (A), wherein R5, R3, R2, B are independently selected, but have the same definition as above in the presence of an activator II selected from the group of imidazole, imidazolium salts, and mixtures thereof, which are improved activators over activators disclosed in related art.

Abstract: A method for preparing a phosphitylated compound comprising the step of:—reacting a hydroxyl containing compound with a phosphitylating agent in the presence of an activator having the formula (I) wherein R=alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, aralkyl, heteroalkyl, heteroaryl R1, R2=either H or form a 5 to 6-membered ring together. X1, X2=independently either N or CH Y=H or Si(R4)3, with R4=alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, aralkyl, heteroalkyl, heteroaryl B=deprotonated acid. The hydroxyl containing compound is preferably a sugar moiety or a nucleoside or an oligomer derived therefrom.

Abstract: A method for purifying a protected oligonucleotide comprising the steps of: a) providing a solution of the protected oligonucleotide in at least one solvent A having a boiling point below the boiling point of a solvent B, heating the solution at a temperature of at least 30° C. and below the boiling point of the at least solvent A, adding solvent B until precipitation of a material is visible in the solution, said solvent B being an alcohol having 1 to 6 C-atoms or a diol having 2 to 6 C-atoms, allowing the solution to cool down under stirring until formation of a supernatant and a residue, removing the supernatant or b) providing solvent B, said solvent B being an alcohol having 1 to 6 C-atoms or a diol having 2 to 6 C-atoms, heating solvent B at a temperature above 30° C.

Abstract: A method for preparing an oligonucleotide comprising the steps of a) providing a hydroxyl containing compound having the formula (A), b) reacting said compound with a phosphitylating agent in the presence of an activator (activator I) having the formula (I) to prepare a phosphitylated compound; and c) reacting said phosphitylated compound without isolation with a second compound having the formula (A) wherein R5, R3, R2, B are independently selected, but have the same definition as above in the presence of an activator II different from activator I.

Abstract: A method for preparing a phosphitylated compound comprising the step of:—reacting a hydroxyl containing compound with a phosphitylating agent in the presence of an activator having the formula (I) wherein R=alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, aralkyl, heteroalkyl, heteroaryl R1, R2=either H or form a 5 to 6-membered ring together. X1, X2=independently either N or CH Y?H or Si(R4)3, with R4=alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, aralkyl, heteroalkyl, heteroaryl B=deprotonated acid. The hydroxyl containing compound is preferably a sugar moiety or a nucleoside or an oligomer derived therefrom.

Abstract: A solution phase synthesis method for preparing an oligonucleotide, wherein at least some of the reagents are solid supported. The method suitable for large-scale synthesis comprises coupling a protected compound with a nucleotide derivative having a protection group in the presence of a solid supported activator to give an elongated oligonucleotide with a P(III)-internucleotide bond; optionally processing the elongated oligonucleotide by capping by reaction with a solid supported capping agent and/or by oxidizing or sulfurizing by reaction of the oligonucleotide with a solid supported oxidizing or sulfurization reagent; and removing the protection group. The coupling may include reacting a 3?-protected compound of formula: with a nucleotide derivative having a 5?-protection group, or reacting a 5?-protected compound of formula with a nucleotide derivative having a 3?-protection group.

Abstract: A solution phase synthesis method for preparing an oligonucleotide, wherein at least some of the reagents are solid supported. The method suitable for large- scale synthesis comprises coupling a protected compound with a nucleotide derivative having a protection group in the presence of a solid supported activator to give an elongated oligonucleotide with a P(III)-internucleotide bond; optionally processing the elongated oligonucleotide by capping by reaction with a solid supported capping agent and/or by oxidizing or sulfurizing by reaction of the oligonucleotide with a solid supported oxidizing or sulfurization reagent; and removing the protection group. The coupling may include reacting a 3?-protected compound of formula: with a nucleotide derivative having a 5?-protection group, or reacting a 5?-protected compound of formula with a nucleotide derivative having a 3?-protection group.

Abstract: A method for preparing an oligonucleotide comprising the steps of a) providing a hydroxyl containing compound having formula (1), wherein B is a heterocyclic base, and radicals R2, R3 and R5 are as defined in the description; b) reacting said compound with a phosphitylating agent in the presence of an activator I having formula (I), wherein R=alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, aralkyl, heteroalkyl, heteroaryl; R1, R2=either H or form a 5- to 6-membered ring together; X1, X2=independently either N or CH; Y=H or Si(R4)3, with R4=alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, aralkyl, heteroalkyl, heteroaryl; B=deprotonated acid; to prepare a phosphitylated compound; c) reacting said phosphitylated compound without isolation with a second compound having the formula (1), wherein R5, R3, R2, B are independently selected, but have the same definition as above in the presence of an activator II selected from the group of imidazole, imidazolium salts, and mixtures thereof.

Abstract: A method for preparing an oligonucleotide comprising the steps of a) providing a hydroxyl containing compound having the formula (A), b) reacting said compound with a phosphitylating agent in the presence of an activator (activator I) having the formula (I) to prepare a phosphitylated compound; and c) reacting said phosphitylated compound without isolation with a second compound having the formula (A) wherein R5, R3, R2, B are independently selected, but have the same definition as above in the presence of an activator II different from activator I.

Abstract: A method for purifying a protected oligonucleotide comprising the steps of: a) providing a solution of the protected oligonucleotide in at least one solvent A having a boiling point below the boiling point of a solvent B, heating the solution at a temperature of at least 30° C. and below the boiling point of the at least solvent A, adding solvent B until precipitation of a material is visible in the solution, said solvent B being an alcohol having 1 to 6 C-atoms or a diol having 2 to 6 C-atoms, allowing the solution to cool down under stirring until formation of a supernatant and a residue, removing the supernatant or b) providing solvent B, said solvent B being an alcohol having 1 to 6 C-atoms or a diol having 2 to 6 C-atoms, heating solvent B at a temperature above 30° C.

Abstract: A method for preparing a phosphitylated compound comprising the step of: -reacting hydroxyl containing compound with a phosphitylating agent in the presence of an activator having the formula (I) wherein R=alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, aralkyl, heteroalkyl, heteroaryl R1, R2=either H or form a 5 to 6-membered ring together. X1, X2=independently either N or CH Y?H or Si(R4)3, with R4=alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, aralkyl, heteroalkyl, heteroaryl B=deprotonated acid. The hydroxyl containing compound is preferably a sugar moiety or a nucleoside or an oligomer derived therefrom.

Abstract: A solution phase synthesis method for preparing an oligonucleotide, wherein at least some of the reagents are solid supported. The method suitable for large-scale synthesis comprises coupling a protected compound with a nucleotide derivative having a protection group in the presence of a solid supported activator to give an elongated oligonucleotide with a P(III)-internucleotide bond; optionally processing the elongated oligonucleotide by capping by reaction with a solid supported capping agent and/or by oxidizing or sulfurizing by reaction of the oligonucleotide with a solid supported oxidizing or sulfurization reagent; and removing the protection group. The coupling may include reacting a 3?-protected compound of formula: with a nucleotide derivative having a 5?-protection group, or reacting a 5?-protected compound of formula with a nucleotide derivative having a 3?-protection group.

Abstract: A method for preparing an oligonucleotide comprising the steps of a) providing a 3-protected compound having the formula: wherein B is a heterocyclic base R2 is H, a protected 2-hydroxyl group, F, a protected amino group, an O-alkyl group, an O-substituted alkyl, a substituted alkylamino or a C4?-O2?methylen linkage R3 is OR?3, NHR?3, NR?3R??3, a 3?-protected nucleotide or a 3?-protected oligonucleotide, R?3 is a hydroxyl protecting group, R?3, R??3 are independently an amine protecting group, b) reacting said compound with a nucleotide derivative having a 5-proctection group in the presence of a solid supported activator to give an elongated oligonucleotide with a P(III)-internucleotide bond c) optionally processing the elongated oligonucleotide with a P(III)-internucleotide bond by either or both of steps c1) and c2) in any sequence c1) capping preferably by reacting with a solid supported capping agent c2) oxidizing preferably by reacting the oligonucleotide with a solid supported oxidizing reagent d) remo