Abstract: A gas injection device for introducing a process gas into a non-ferrous metal melt and/or slag, in particular a copper melt and/or copper slag, including a hollow-cylindrical lance which is formed from a refractory material and/or graphite, preferably includes a refractory material and/or graphite. The lance has an inlet opening for the process gas and a gas injection module connected to the hollow-cylindrical lance and formed from a refractory material and/or graphite, preferably including a refractory material and/or graphite, with at least one outlet opening for the process gas. The outlet opening includes at least one throughflow element formed from a ceramic material via which the process gas can be introduced into the melt.

Abstract: An improved apparatus for producing steel, including a lower furnace, an annular, water-cooled, fireproof lined cylindrical upper furnace, on which an upwardly closing conically tapering hat having openings can be placed. The smelting assembly is configured for the operational mode without melt flow and the operational mode with melt flow. To this end, at least one opening is provided in the conical furnace cover, through which opening at least one top lance can be introduced into the upper furnace. A plurality of sidewall injectors radially rotate around the cylindrical upper furnace in such a way that in a working position, the top lance and the sidewall injectors are directed onto a smelt level of a molten mass located in the lower furnace for refining.

Abstract: An improved apparatus for producing steel, including a lower furnace, an annular, water-cooled, fireproof lined cylindrical upper furnace, on which an upwardly closing conically tapering hat having openings can be placed. The smelting assembly is configured for the operational mode without melt flow and the operational mode with melt flow. To this end, at least one opening is provided in the conical furnace cover, through which opening at least one top lance can be introduced into the upper furnace. A plurality of sidewall injectors radially rotate around the cylindrical upper furnace in such a way that in a working position, the top lance and the sidewall injectors are directed onto a smelt level of a molten mass located in the lower furnace for refining.

Abstract: Methods for in-die overlay reticle measurement and the resulting devices are disclosed. Embodiments include providing parallel structures in a first layer on a substrate; determining measurement sites, in a second layer above the first layer, void of active integrated circuit elements; forming overlay trenches, in the measurement sites and parallel to the structures, exposing sections of the structures, wherein each overlay trench is aligned over a structure and over spaces between the structure and adjacent structures; determining a trench center-of-gravity of an overlay trench; determining a structure center-of-gravity of a structure exposed in the overlay trench; and determining an overlay parameter based on a difference between the trench center-of-gravity and the structure center-of-gravity.

Abstract: Methods for in-die overlay reticle measurement and the resulting devices are disclosed. Embodiments include providing parallel structures in a first layer on a substrate; determining measurement sites, in a second layer above the first layer, void of active integrated circuit elements; forming overlay trenches, in the measurement sites and parallel to the structures, exposing sections of the structures, wherein each overlay trench is aligned over a structure and over spaces between the structure and adjacent structures; determining a trench center-of-gravity of an overlay trench; determining a structure center-of-gravity of a structure exposed in the overlay trench; and determining an overlay parameter based on a difference between the trench center-of-gravity and the structure center-of-gravity.

Abstract: A feeding device for closed shaft furnaces connected to a gas-extracting device, in particular for low shaft furnaces for melting steel scrap, having a transporting device, which leads to the head of the upper furnace vessel and is integrated at least partially in the furnace atmosphere, and a distributing device for distributing the charge. In this case, a carousel which can be charged by a conveying device is provided in the furnace head. The carousel, in the furnace head, is guided rotatably on a path, fastened on the casing of the upper furnace vessel, above the gas-extracting device and has shutter elements connected to actuators.

Abstract: A smelting furnace system for smelting metals, especially steel scrap, with a lower furnace vessel, in the bottom of which a tap hole is provided, and with an upper furnace vessel, which can be closed by a cover, in which a central pipe is provided coaxially with respect to the main axis of the furnace, in which pipe at least one electrode is arranged, and on which pipe there is provided a component which encompasses the upper furnace vessel and can be connected to a gas offtake device. In this arrangement, a slit is provided in the wall of the central pipe in a longitudinal direction. A sleeve is fastened at the edge of the slit, allowing the central pipe to be fastened to the casing of the upper furnace vessel having a corresponding slit. Furthermore, a supporting arm, which is connected to a supporting pillar arranged outside the furnace, can be led through the hollow space of the sleeve into the central pipe, with at least one electrode fastened on the front face of this arm.

Abstract: An electrode support arm for arc furnaces which is constructed as a hollow section with a wall formed at least partially from current-carrying material of high conductivity. The wall of the hollow section has a coolant guiding system including ducts arranged in the wall so as to be parallel to one another and concentric to the center axis of the support arm. The quantity and dimensions of these ducts enable sufficient cooling without a reduction in the strength of the support arm.

Abstract: A metallurgical vessel (10) includes at least one metallic electrode (20) fastened thereto having a chamber within the vessel (10) for holding a melt (19) and having a bottom surface, a shell (14) abutting the bottom surface, and a flanged tube (31) arranged on the shell (14) with the flanged tube (31) having a flanged surface (32). The electrode (20) is disposed coaxially with respect to the flanged tube (31) and is formed by first and second bars (21, 22) connectable to one another. The first bar (21) has the top face positioned proximate to the bottom surface of the chamber and penetrates the vessel (10) for contact with the melt. The second bar (22) is positioned against the bottom face of the first bar (21) and extends out from the vessel (10), the first bar having a should region (23) positioned annularly thereabout adapted to contact and lean against the flanged surface (32) of the flanged tube (31).