Abstract: The present invention relates to novel substituted cyclohexyl and piperidinyl derivatives as melanocortin-4. receptor (MC-4R) modulators. MC-4R agonists of the invention can be used for the treatment of disorders and diseases such as obesity, diabetes and sexual dysfunction, whereas the MC-4R antagonists are useful for the treatment of disorders and diseases such as cancer cachexia, muscle wasting, anorexia, anxiety and depression. All diseases and disorders where the regulation of the MC-4R is involved can be treated with the compounds of the invention.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel ?-keto carbonyl calpain inhibitors for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases and neuromuscular diseases including Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy, Becker Muscular Dystrophy and other muscular dystrophies. Disuse atrophy and general muscle wasting can also be treated. Diseases of the eye, in particular cataract, can be treated as well. Generally all conditions where elevated levels of calpains are involved can be treated. The compounds of the invention may also inhibit other thiol proteases such as cathepsin B, cathepsin H, cathepsin L, papain or the like. Multicatalytic Protease (MCP) also known as proteasome may also be inhibited and the compounds can therefore be used to treat cell proliferative diseases such as cancer, psoriasis, and restenosis.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel substituted piperidine and piperazine derivatives as melanocortin-4 receptor (MC-4R) modulators. MC-4R agonists of the invention can be used for the treatment of disorders and diseases such as obesity, diabetes, and sexual dysfunction, whereas the MC-4R antagonists are useful for the treatment of disorders and diseases such as cancer cachexia, muscle wasting, anorexia, anxiety and depression. All diseases and disorders where the regulation of the MC-4R is involved can be treated with the compounds of the invention.

Abstract: A ball of hand knitting yarn is formed by winding the yarn in an overlapping constantly progressing angular winding to form a partial sphere, thereafter continuing the winding by applying a plurality of turns of said yarn in substantially parallel circumferential turns about substantially a central equator of the ball and subsequently finishing the winding with a plurality of overlapping progressively angled windings so as to hide the circumferential turns.