Abstract: Apparatus including an optical signal generator, a data transmission path, and an optical signal receiver. Optical signal generator includes a coherent light source for generating a spectrum of carrier signals at different carrier frequencies, an optical demultiplexer that receives and separates the different carrier signals into separate optical paths, a pair of optical modulators located in each of the separate optical paths to modulate each different carrier signal with a data signal and produce an upper and lower sideband pair at each of the different carrier frequencies, and an optical interleaver to combine the upper and lower sideband pairs into an optical super-channel of interleaved sub-bands. Optical signal receiver includes a demodulator for extracting the data signals. Optical modulators are configured to reuse each carrier signal to transmit different data in each of the upper sideband and the lower sideband and increase the capacity of the super-channel. Also a method.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a DC generator that has at least one string, wherein the at least one string is formed by modules which are series-connected by a string line so as to generate a string voltage; and a switching device which is connected in series in the string line, in order to switch on and off the at least one string using the switching device. The switching device comprises a hybrid switch including a relay and a semiconductor switching device connected in parallel to the relay, wherein the semiconductor switching device includes at least one semiconductor switch. The switching device comprises a current sensor which is adapted to measure a negative current flow.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a photovoltaic system comprising a switching device for switching on and off at least one photovoltaic string, to an electronically controlled direct current hybrid switching device for switching on and off at least one photovoltaic string, in a user-controlled manner, to the use of a hybrid switch for switching a photovoltaic string, and to a method for switching off and back on at least one photovoltaic string of the photovoltaic system.

Abstract: A method and a system with which a primary user, in particular a mobile radio operator, can make a part of the radio spectrum range which is reserved exclusively for the mobile radio operator available in localized and/or time-restricted fashion to a local end user who requested the restricted usage authorization of the radio spectrum range using registered credentials at the mobile radio operator. By way of the credentials the mobile radio operator can allow the local end user limited usage of that radio spectrum range in fee-bearing fashion and can bill same. The local user can then use the assigned frequency band in accordance with his own needs. In particular the user can wirelessly transmit signals in the assigned frequency range between end devices to which no credentials are allocated and in that situation use a transmission protocol which is not defined for the mobile radio network.

Abstract: A method and a system with which a primary user, in particular a mobile radio operator, can make a part of the radio spectrum range which is reserved exclusively for the mobile radio operator available in localized and/or time-restricted fashion to a local end user who requested the restricted usage authorization of the radio spectrum range using registered credentials at the mobile radio operator. By way of the credentials the mobile radio operator can allow the local end user limited usage of that radio spectrum range in fee-bearing fashion and can bill same. The local user can then use the assigned frequency band in accordance with his own needs. In particular the user can wirelessly transmit signals in the assigned frequency range between end devices to which no credentials are allocated and in that situation use a transmission protocol which is not defined for the mobile radio network.

Abstract: A method and a system with which a primary user, in particular a mobile radio operator, can make a part of the radio spectrum range which is reserved exclusively for the mobile radio operator available in localized and/or time-restricted fashion to a local end user who requested the restricted usage authorization of the radio spectrum range using registered credentials at the mobile radio operator. By way of the credentials the mobile radio operator can allow the local end user limited usage of that radio spectrum range in fee-bearing fashion and can bill same. The local user can then use the assigned frequency band in accordance with his own needs. In particular the user can wirelessly transmit signals in the assigned frequency range between end devices to which no credentials are allocated and in that situation use a transmission protocol which is not defined for the mobile radio network.

Abstract: A livestock feed additive that includes 1,8 cineole, and at least one of naringin or betalain, which may be used to prepare a feed product for poultry, swine or ruminates. Also, a feed product including this livestock feed additive. The livestock feed additive or feed product improves an animal's resistance to heat stress while breeding.

Abstract: A method for operating at least one mobile radio device that includes a transmitter, a slot for receiving a power supply unit, and a control unit for controlling operation of the transmitter depending on the radio parameters and/or configuration data. Radio parameters and/or configuration data are transferred to a memory of the power supply unit. The power supply unit is inserted into the slot. Operation of the transmitter is controlled by the control unit based on the radio parameters and/or configuration data that are stored in the power supply unit.

Abstract: The use of a poultry feed additive composition which is a flowable mixture of phytogenic compounds including at least an oil component which is microencapsulated essential thyme oil, and a saponin component which is the saponin contained in particulate dried quillaja bark powder. The mixture contains at least 0.5% saponin component (w/w), and the oil component in an effective ratio of at least 0.2:1 (w/w, oil component per saponin component), for improving the feed conversion efficiency in antibiotic-free poultry production.

Abstract: A method for operating at least one mobile radio device that includes a transmitter, a slot for receiving a power supply unit, and a control unit for controlling operation of the transmitter depending on the radio parameters and/or configuration data. Radio parameters and/or configuration data are transferred to a memory of the power supply unit. The power supply unit is inserted into the slot. Operation of the transmitter is controlled by the control unit based on the radio parameters and/or configuration data that are stored in the power supply unit.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a photovoltaic system comprising a switching device for switching on and off at least one photovoltaic string, to an electronically controlled direct current hybrid switching device for switching on and off at least one photovoltaic string, in a user-controlled manner, to the use of a hybrid switch for switching a photovoltaic string, and to a method for switching off and back on at least one photovoltaic string of the photovoltaic system.

Abstract: The use of a poultry feed additive composition which is a flowable mixture of phytogenic compounds including at least an oil component which is microencapsulated essential thyme oil, and a saponin component which is the saponin contained in particulate dried quillaja bark powder. The mixture contains at least 0.5% saponin component (w/w), and the oil component in an effective ratio of at least 0.2:1 (w/w, oil component per saponin component), for improving the feed conversion efficiency in antibiotic-free poultry production.

Abstract: A refractory coating for producing mold coatings by application to inorganically or organically-bound molding materials in lost molds or to cores for iron and steel casting is disclosed. The refractory coating can have a proportion by weight of 0.001% or more and less than 1% of inorganic hollow bodies, which partially or fully consist of crystalline material and have a softening point of 1000° C. or higher.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a refractory coating for producing mold coatings by application to inorganically or organically-bound molding materials in lost molds or to cores for iron and steel casting, wherein the ready-to-use refractory coating has proportion by weight of 0.001% or more and less than 1% of inorganic hollow bodies, which partially or fully consist of crystalline material and have a softening point of 1000° C. or higher.

Abstract: A refractory coating for producing mold coatings by application to inorganically or organically-bound molding materials in lost molds or to cores for iron and steel casting is disclosed. The refractory coating can have a proportion by weight of 0.001% or more and less than 1% of inorganic hollow bodies, which partially or fully consist of crystalline material and have a softening point of 1000° C. or higher.

Abstract: A communications system, with a network, is usable to transmit at least image data to at least one illuminating device. The illustrating device illustrates a printed image location in a printing machine. A network is provided for the control and/or monitoring of the printing machine. A network for the communication of data to be processed in a pre-printing stage is also provided in that pre-printing stage, which prepares that image data. These two networks are connected to the same signal line or transmission link or are each constructed identically, with respect to their data transmission properties. The communications system, with the network, can control or monitor a printing machine having a number of sections, with at least two of these sections having a section controlling device. These section controlling devices are connected to the network, and control or monitor their respective sections. The network has the same data transmission properties in each of these sections.

Abstract: A printed image is produced at least one printed image location using a printing machine with at least one illuminating device that produces at least one printed image at a number of printed image locations. These respective printed images belong to the same page of a printed product to be produced by the printing machine. This page of the printed product exists in the form of a file containing image data before it is produced as the printed image. That file contains image data of all of the printed images of the page of the printed product. A raster image processor is aligned with each printed image location and converts only image data of the printed images of the page of the printed product into raster data, with that printed image being assigned to a respective printed image position. A network is provided for use in the electronic communication of at least image data. Each raster image processor is connected to this network by an interface which receives data.

Abstract: Data of at least one component of a printing machine, that comprises several components and at least one communications network, is stored. Data from one of these components, and which characterizes that component, is stored in a memory unit which belongs to that component, and which memory unit is linked to the communications network. The printing machine may have at least two different control levels that are hierarchically organized. The data from the at least one component may be provided on a lower-order control level. It is transmitted from its memory unit to at least one of the printing machine components on a higher-order control network. The data so transmitted is linked, during its transmission, to the next higher-order control level, with local information regarding the arrangement of the components transmitting data in their respective control levels.

Abstract: Data of at least one component of a printing machine, that comprises several components and at least one communications network, is stored. Data from one of these components, and which characterizes that component, is stored in a memory unit which belongs to that component, and which memory unit is linked to the communications network. The printing machine may have at least two different control levels that are hierarchically organized. The data from the at least one component may be provided on a lower-order control level. It is transmitted from its memory unit to at least one of the printing machine components on a higher-order control network. The data so transmitted is linked, during its transmission, to the next higher-order control level, with local information regarding the arrangement of the components transmitting data in their respective control levels.

Abstract: A printed image is produced at least one printed image location using a printing machine with at least one illuminating device that produces at least one printed image at a number of printed image locations. These respective printed images belong to the same page of a printed product to be produced by the printing machine. This page of the printed product exists in the form of a file containing image data before it is produced as the printed image. That file contains image data of all of the printed images of the page of the printed product. A raster image processor is aligned with each printed image location and converts only image data of the printed images of the page of the printed product into raster data, with that printed image being assigned to a respective printed image position. A network is provided for use in the electronic communication of at least image data. Each raster image processor is connected to this network by an interface which receives data.