Abstract: The present invention relates to the field of modified constant domains of canine or feline antibodies having altered immune-effector functions and their use. More specifically, the application relates to modified Fc fragments having significantly reduced Fc?RI and C1q binding.

Abstract: A method is used for activating an actuator to set a turbine flow cross-section of a motor vehicle turbocharger of a gasoline engine in the event of a change of the load of the engine from a smaller load value to a larger load value. The actuator for the larger load value is activated with a delay in relation to the load change. Furthermore, a control unit set up to control the sequence of the method is used to implement the method.

Abstract: An actual value of a turbine flow cross section of a turbocharger of an internal combustion engine in a motor vehicle is set for a change in the load on the internal combustion engine from a larger load value to a smaller load value. The actual value setting of the smaller load value is delayed to a setpoint value that is specified for the smaller load value under stationary conditions. A device controls the progression of the method.

Abstract: A turbine housing of an exhaust gas turbocharger having an adjustable turbine geometry is provided having a carrier ring on which are mounted adjustable guide vanes for regulating the boost pressure and having a cover ring for the guide vanes, whereby the carrier ring and cover ring are spaced a distance apart by means of spacer elements to form a guide vane gap. A fastening screw passes through each spacer element, and screwed into the carrier ring and/or cover ring. Receiving openings for the head of the fastening screw are provided in the carrier ring or cover ring. At least one securing recess is provided in the carrier ring and/or cover ring on the outside circumference of the receiving opening, said securing recess being provided to accommodate material of the screw head to establish a form-fitting connection.

Abstract: A turbine housing of an exhaust gas turbocharger with a variable turbine geometry is provided, having a support ring to which vanes are fastened which are adjustable for controlling the charge pressure, and having a covering ring for the vanes. The support ring and covering ring are spaced for forming a vane gap by spacing elements which are each penetrated by a holding element which is fastened in the support ring and/or the covering ring. The spacing elements have recesses which, during the operation of the exhaust gas turbocharger, permit a direct action of the exhaust gas flow upon the holding elements.

Abstract: A process controls filling of combustion spaces of an internal combustion engine that has at least one filling control element and one exhaust gas turbocharger whose turbine geometry can be adjusted by an electrical positioning element. In a base position of an electrical positioning element, a basic charging pressure is provided. When there is a possible or actual faulty displacement of the electrical positioning element, filling of the combustion spaces is limited by driving the filling control element. A control device controls the execution of the process.

Abstract: A method is used for activating an actuator to set a turbine flow cross-section of a motor vehicle turbocharger of a gasoline engine in the event of a change of the load of the engine from a smaller load value to a larger load value. The actuator for the larger load value is activated with a delay in relation to the load change. Furthermore, a control unit set up to control the sequence of the method is used to implement the method.

Abstract: An actual value of a turbine flow cross section of a turbocharger of an internal combustion engine in a motor vehicle is set for a change in the load on the internal combustion engine from a larger load value to a smaller load value. The actual value setting of the smaller load value is delayed to a setpoint value that is specified for the smaller load value under stationary conditions. A device controls the progression of the method.

Abstract: A turbine housing of an exhaust gas turbocharger having an adjustable turbine geometry is provided having a carrier ring on which are mounted adjustable guide vanes for regulating the boost pressure and having a cover ring for the guide vanes, whereby the carrier ring and cover ring are spaced a distance apart by means of spacer elements to form a guide vane gap. A fastening screw passes through each spacer element, and screwed into the carrier ring and/or cover ring. Receiving openings for the head of the fastening screw are provided in the carrier ring or cover ring. At least one securing recess is provided in the carrier ring and/or cover ring on the outside circumference of the receiving opening, said securing recess being provided to accommodate material of the screw head to establish a form-fitting connection.

Abstract: A turbine housing of an exhaust gas turbocharger with a variable turbine geometry is provided, having a support ring to which vanes are fastened which are adjustable for controlling the charge pressure, and having a covering ring for the vanes. The support ring and covering ring are spaced for forming a vane gap by spacing elements which are each penetrated by a holding element which is fastened in the support ring and/or the covering ring. The spacing elements have recesses which, during the operation of the exhaust gas turbocharger, permit a direct action of the exhaust gas flow upon the holding elements.

Abstract: A process for controlling an internal combustion engine having a regulated turbocharger and integrated exhaust gas temperature is provided. The maximum cylinder filling capacity (rlmax) is taken from a stored characteristic field, which extends over the rpm (n) range. The values stored in the characteristic field are determined in the application and are standardized to a lambda value which can be preset, preferably to be lambda=1. When operating the internal combustion engine, the value of the maximum filling capacity (rlmax) taken from the characteristic field is corrected to the current fuel mixture composition.

Abstract: A process for controlling an internal combustion engine having a regulated turbocharger and integrated exhaust gas temperature is provided. The maximum cylinder filling capacity (rlmax) is taken from a stored characteristic field, which extends over the rpm (n) range. The values stored in the characteristic field are determined in the application and are standardized to a lambda value which can be preset, preferably to be lambda=1. When operating the internal combustion engine, the value of the maximum filling capacity (rlmax) taken from the characteristic field is corrected to the current fuel mixture composition.