Abstract: The present disclosure concerns expert modules for ventilators as well as methods for optimizing operating parameters in medical systems for supporting the physician in deciding settings of the respective device. Accordingly, an expert module is proposed for a ventilator of a patient, wherein the expert module is adapted to continuously receive at least one current vital parameter of the patient, and wherein the expert module includes an evaluation unit. The evaluation unit is adapted to store the vital parameter for a predetermined period of time, to determine a target value of the vital parameter based on a course of the vital parameter and/or predetermined clinical data, and determine a setpoint or setpoint value of at least one operating parameter of the ventilator based on a course of the vital parameter and the target value of the vital parameter and depending on at least two physiological factors of the patient.

Abstract: For the administering of medicaments, an adapter is provided for connection to a haemodialysis tube set, which makes possible the direct connection of a standard injection vial to the extracorporeal circuit, avoiding the introduction of air into the circuit. The adapter has two conduit pathways. The conduit pathway for the application of medicament contains a gas-blocking element. The second conduit pathway serves for the aeration of the injection vial.

Abstract: Concentrate for a dialysis liquid, at least comprising one acid and one physiologically acceptable electrolyte, characterized in that the acid comprises at least one acidic ion exchanger or is an acidic ion exchanger.

Abstract: Concentrate for a dialysis liquid, at least comprising one acid and one physiologically acceptable electrolyte, characterized in that the acid comprises at least one acidic ion exchanger or is an acidic ion exchanger.

Abstract: For the administering of medicaments, an adapter is provided for connection to a haemodialysis tube set, which makes possible the direct connection of a standard injection vial to the extracorporeal circuit, avoiding the introduction of air into the circuit. The adapter has two conduit pathways. The conduit pathway for the application of medicament contains a gas-blocking element. The second conduit pathway serves for the aeration of the injection vial.