Abstract: The invention relates to the use of one or more N-substituted 2-pyrrolidone-4-carbonic acid esters of formula (1), where R1 and R2 independently represent linear, branched, or cyclic C1-C6 alkyl, as (a) solvent(s). Said compounds can be used as solvents in industrial applications, e.g. for the production of varnishes and paints, in chemical syntheses, for cleaning or degreasing, in petrochemical processes, in the electronics and photovoltaic industries, or in pesticide preparations, for example.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for editing digital picture computer files and digital audio computer files is disclosed herein. The apparatus and method for editing involves recording digital picture files and digital audio files. The digital picture files are copied onto a storage area network, and loaded onto a data storage system. Metadata from the digital picture files is uploaded onto a metadata database. The digital picture files on the storage area network are compressed. The compressed digital picture files are combined and synchronized with their corresponding digital audio files. These resultant digital files are then organized with their corresponding metadata. Once the metadata is incorporated into the resultant digital files, the files are edited and an editing decision list document as well as editing instructions are generated. Digital picture files are downloaded from the data storage system and conformed with digital audio files to produce the final media product.

Abstract: The invention relates to the use of polysilazanes as a permanent coating on metal and polymer surfaces for preventing corrosion, increasing scratch resistance and to facilitate easier cleaning. The invention comprises a solution of a polysilazane or a blend of polysilazanes of the general formula 1 —(SiR?R?—NR??)n—??(1) where R?, R? and R?? are identical or different and independently of one another represent hydrogen or an optionally substituted alkyl, aryl, vinyl or (trialkoxysilyl)alkyl group and n represents a whole number and is calculated in such a way that the polysilazane has a numerical average molecular weight of 150 to 150 000 g/mol, in a solvent. The invention also relates to a method for producing the coating.

Abstract: A coating for coating a metal or a metal strip by the coil coating process comprising a solution of a polysilazane or a mixture of polysilazanes of the formula 1 —(SiR?R?-NR??)n—??(1) where R?, R? and R?? are identical or different and independently of one another are hydrogen or an unsubstituted or substituted alkyl, aryl, vinyl or (trialkoxysilyl)alkyl radical, n being an integer such that the polysilazane or mixture of polysilazanes has a number-average molecular weight of 150 to 150 000 g/mol, in at least one solvent and at least one catalyst and the solution of a polysilazane or a mixture of polysilazanes contains 1% to 50% by weight of the polysilazane or mixture of polysilazanes.

Abstract: The invention relates to pesticide preparations that contain one or more pesticides and one or more N-substituted 2-pyrrolidone-4-carboxylic acid derivatives and to the use of said pesticide preparations for controlling and/or combating weeds, fungal diseases, or insect infestation. The N-substituted 2-pyrrolidone-4-carboxylic acid derivatives act as adjuvants, emulsifiers, dispersants, and/or wetting agents in the pesticide preparations.

Abstract: A coating for metals containing a polysilazane solution or a mixture of polysilazanes of the general formula (I) —(SiR?R?-NR??)n—??(1) wherein R?, R? and R?? are identical or different and independently represent hydrogen or an optionally substituted alkyl, aryl, vinyl or (trialkoxysilyl)alkyl radical, wherein n is a whole number and n is dimensioned in such a way that the polysilazane has a number-average molecular weight of 150 to 150 000 g/mol, in a solvent and at least one catalyst. The invention also relates to a method for the production of the coating.

Abstract: The invention relates to compositions containing a) one or more pesticides, b) one or more copolymers obtained by the copolymerization of i) glycerol, ii) at least one dicarboxylic acid, and iii) at least one monocarboxylic acid, c) one or more amphoteric surface-active substances, and d) water. The compositions are particularly suitable for controlling and/or combating weeds, fungal diseases, or insect infestation.

Abstract: The invention relates to a continuous method for producing hydroxycarboxylic acid amides, according to which at least one hydroxycarboxylic acid of formula (I) HO—R3—COOH??(I) wherein R3 is an optionally substituted aliphatic hydrocarbon group comprising between 1 and 100 carbon atoms, is reacted with at least one amine of formula (II) HNR1R2??(II) wherein R1 and R2 are independently hydrogen or a carbon group comprising between 1 and 100 C atoms, to form an ammonium salt, and said ammonium salt is then reacted to form a hydroxycarboxylic acid amide, under microwave irradiation in a reaction pipe, the longitudinal axis of the pipe being oriented in the direction of propagation of the microwaves of a monomode microwave applicator.

Abstract: The invention relates to the use of polysilazanes as a permanent coating on metal and polymer surfaces for preventing corrosion, increasing scratch resistance and to facilitate easier cleaning. The invention comprises a solution of a polysilazane or a blend of polysilazanes of the general formula 1 —(SiR?R?—NR??)n—??(1) where R?, R? and R?? are identical or different and independently of one another represent hydrogen or an optionally substituted alkyl, aryl, vinyl or (trialkoxysilyl)alkyl group and n represents a whole number and is calculated in such a way that the polysilazane has a numerical average molecular weight of 150 to 150 000 g/mol, in a solvent. The invention also relates to a method for producing the coating.

Abstract: A system and method for determining unique material identifier numbers using checksum values are disclosed herein. The system and method involves providing a set of data, loading the set of data into at least one processor, using at least one algorithm with at least one processor to calculate a checksum value based on the data content of the set of data, and using the checksum value as the unique material identifier number for the set of data. In some embodiments, at least one algorithm is a Message-Digest algorithm 5 (MD5) and/or a Secure Hash Algorithm (SHA) hash function. In one or more embodiments, the set of data may be a data set from a single digital picture file, a data set from a single digital audio file, and/or any data set generated by nature.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for editing digital picture computer files and digital audio computer files is disclosed herein. The apparatus and method for editing involves recording digital picture files and digital audio files. The digital picture files are copied onto a storage area network, and loaded onto a data storage system. Metadata from the digital picture files is uploaded onto a metadata database. The digital picture files on the storage area network are compressed. The compressed digital picture files are combined and synchronized with their corresponding digital audio files. These resultant digital files are then organized with their corresponding metadata. Once the metadata is incorporated into the resultant digital files, the files are edited and an editing decision list document as well as editing instructions are generated. Digital picture files are downloaded from the data storage system and conformed with digital audio files to produce the final media product.

Abstract: A mixed crystal of C.I. Pigment Red 170 and one or more of the compounds of the formula (1) wherein X has the definition F, Cl, Br, methyl or nitro. The novel mixed crystals have better light-fastness and weather resistance than unsubstituted C.I. Pigment Red 170.

Abstract: The invention relates to the use of polysilazanes as permanent coatings on metal surfaces for the prevention of the susceptibility to fingerprints, characterized in that the polysilazane is in the form of a solution of a polysilazane or a mixture of polysilazanes of the general formula 1 —(SiR?R?—NR??)n— ??(1) where R?, R?, R?? independently=H, optionally-substituted alkyl-, aryl, vinyl- or (trialkoxysilyl)alkyl, n=a whole number such that the polysilazane has a number-average molecular weight of from 150 to 150,000 g/mol in a solvent. The invention further relates to a method for production of the coating.

Abstract: A method used to produce a permanent support layer on precious metal surfaces by coating solutions which are based on polysilazane. Said method is used to coat surfaces made of precious metal or precious metal alloys with a solution containing a polysilazane of formula (I), wherein n is measured in such a manner that the polysilazane has an average molecular weight from 150-150,000 g/mol, in addition to a solvent and a catalyst. The invention is characterized in that a silane based primer which contains sulphur and which is used to improve adherence, is applied to the object which is to be coated prior to the coating with the polysilazane solution. The invention also relates to coatings which are produced according to the inventive method.

Abstract: A coating for coating films, which comprises, dissolved in a solvent, polysilazane or a mixture of polysilazanes of the general formula —(SiR?R?—NR??)n— wherein R?, R?, R?? are the same or different and independently represent hydrogen or an optionally substituted alkyl, aryl or (trialkoxysilyl)alkyl group, where n is an integer and is selected in such a manner that the polysilazane has a number-average molecular weight of from 150 to 150 000 g/mol, and at least one catalyst. The invention also relates to a method for coating films, especially polymer films, to coated films and to film composites.

Abstract: A coating for metals containing a polysilazane solution or a mixture of polysilazanes of general formula (1) —(SiR?R?—NR?)n— (1) wherein R?, R?, R?? are identical or different and independently represent hydrogen or an optionally substituted alkyl-, aryl-, vinyl or (trialkoxysilyl)alkyl radical, wherein n is a whole number and n is dimensioned in such a way that polysilazane has an average molecular weight of 150-150,000 g/mol, in a solvent and at least one catalyst. The invention also relates to a method for the production of the coating.

Abstract: The invention relates to a surface coating comprising at least one type of perhydropolysilazane of the formula I wherein n is an integer of a value such that the perhydropolysilazane number-average molecular weight of from 150 to 150 000 g/mol, a solvent and a catalyst and, possibly one or more cobinding agents. The hardened coating has thickness of at least 1 micrometer, preferably ranging from 2 to 20 micrometers. The inventive coating containing at least one type of perhydropolysilazane is suitable for protecting rims, in particular, aluminum rims.

Abstract: A coating for metal surfaces, consisting of a.) optionally a scratch-resistant perhydropolysilazane base coat and b.) an upper protective coat containing at least one perhydropolysilazane of the formula (1) and photocatalytic titanium dioxide (I) wherein n is a whole number and n is dimensioned in such a way that the measured such that the perhydropolysilazane has a number-average molecular weight of from 150 to 150 000 g/mol. Preferably, the thickness of the protective layer is at least 1 micrometre, more preferably 2 to 20 micrometres. The invention also relates to a method for the production of a coating, in addition to the use thereof as a self-cleaning protective layer, particularly for the rims of automobiles.

Abstract: The invention relates to a hydrophilic coating for surfaces containing one or several polysilazanes and an ionic reagent or mixtures of ionic reagents. The polysilazane is, in particular, a polysilazane of the formula —(SiR?R?—NR??)n— (1),wherein R?, R?, R?? can be identical or different and are either hydrogen or organic or metalorganic radicals, n is measured in such a manner that the polysilazane has a numerical average molecular weight ranging from 150 to 150 000 g/mol. In a preferred embodiment, the polysilazane is perhydropolysilazane (R?=R?=R??=H). The ionic reagent is, preferably, a salt of a carboxylic acid, in particular of a hydroxycarboxylic acid, or a cationic or anionic silane, or an oligomer or polymer. The invention also relates to a method for the production of the above-mentioned hydrophilic coatings.

Abstract: Diketopyrrolopyrroles of the formula (I): wherein R1, R2, R3 and R4 independently of one another are a C1–C4 alkyl radical or a substituted or unsubstituted phenyl radical, wherein the phenyl radical can be substituted by 1, 2, 3 or 4 substituents from the group C1–C4 alkyl, C1–C4 alkoxy, CN, F, Cl, Br, NO2, CF3, S—C1–C4 alkyl, phenyl or (C1–C2)alkylenephenyl, with the proviso that at least one of the radicals, R1, R2, R3, or R4, is one of the stated substituted or unsubstituted phenyl radicals.