Abstract: A drive apparatus for a closure element of a motor vehicle, including a tube defining an axis, a spindle disposed within the tube and configured to translate along the axis from an extended position to a first retracted position and a second retracted position, a spindle nut disposed within the tube and operatively engaged to the spindle, a stop nut fixed to the spindle, and a damping element disposed between the spindle nut and the stop nut. The tube defines a first end stop face and the stop nut defines a second end stop face, and when the spindle is in the first retracted position, the damping element engages the first end stop face and is spaced apart from the stop nut.

Abstract: A cable bushing includes a metal tube, at least one cable for signal transmission received from a sensor which extends in an opposite direction inside the metal tube, which, in at least one axial end region sits with an immovable fit in a through-hole of a bearing block. The bearing block is arranged in a sealed manner in a passage of a housing wall or is connected in a sealed manner to the sensor.

Abstract: A cable bushing includes a metal tube, at least one cable for signal transmission received from a sensor which extends in an opposite direction inside the metal tube, which, in at least one axial end region sits with an immovable fit in a through-hole of a bearing block. The bearing block is arranged in a sealed manner in a passage of a housing wall or is connected in a sealed manner to the sensor.

Abstract: In a method and an apparatus which more accurately reach a predefined setpoint value of a combustion characteristic variable for an internal combustion engine (1) with an injection system (30), a first injection signal which triggers an injection of fuel into a combustion chamber (53) of the internal combustion engine (1) is generated using at least one injection signal parameter. A combustion signal which represents a combustion of the injected fuel is generated by a detector (40). The combustion characteristic variable is determined using the combustion signal. The injection signal parameter is corrected using a deviation of the combustion characteristic variable from a setpoint value, in such a way that the deviation of a second injection signal which is generated using the corrected injection parameter is reduced for an injection which is to be performed later.

Abstract: To reduce pollutant emissions and consumption of passenger cars diesel engines multiple injection strategies are applied. Assuming constant cylinder and bowl geometry and constant rail pressure the variation of the number of injections, injection quantity of each injection and separation between two consecutive injections are the major parameters to be optimised. Furthermore, a single injection is applied with a shaped injection rate by a rise in injection pressure, equal to that observed in cam controlled injection systems. The needle lift can be modified for piezo driven common rail injection systems. Both methods are compared in terms of pollutant emission, fuel consumption and robustness. Experiments were carried out on single cylinder research engines. Multiple injection strategies with large hydraulic dwell times were compared with a short dwell setting simulating a “rate shaped” single injection.

Abstract: In a circuit arrangement (10a) for operating an injector arrangement (12a) for injecting fuel in an internal combustion engine of a motor vehicle, in order to obtain information easily as to the degree to which each valve is open when the injector arrangement is in operation, a measuring signal (S0) is superposed on a control voltage that is supplied to an actuator (Cpiezo, Rpiezo) and, based on an evaluation of the electrical properties of the actuator (Cpiezo, Rpiezo), a detection signal (S2) is produced that is representative of the position of the valve body (44a) relative to the valve seat (46a).

Abstract: A sprayable coating agent is disclosed in the form of granules with which the granules are compacted to form a pressed piece, subsequently ground up and optionally sieved, whereby the granules have the following particle-size distribution: 0%-40% by weight: 0-600 microns; 5%-55% by weight: 600-1250 microns; 5%-95% by weight: >1250 microns; or 15% by weight: 0-800 microns; 0%-85% by weight: 800-2000 microns; 0%-15% by weight: >2000 microns. Likewise disclosed are its production, further processing and use for internal and external applications.

Abstract: A generally accepted and appropriate means to reduce pollutant emissions and consumption of passenger cars diesel engines is to apply multiple injection strategies. Assuming constant cylinder and bowl geometry and constant rail pressure the variation of the number of injections, injection quantity of each injection and separation between two consecutive injections are the major parameters which have to be optimised in order to fulfill both, the legislative emission limits and consumer requirements. A second, distinct approach to decrease pollutant emissions is to apply a single injection with a shaped injection rate. Ideally, rate shaping is achieved by a rise in injection pressure during one injection event, equal to that observed in cam controlled injection systems (e.g. Unit Injectors). For piezo driven common rail injection systems it might be possible to achieve similar effects by modifying the needle lift during an injection.

Abstract: In a device and a method for scaring off animals, in particular martins, from a parked motor vehicle, the piezoinjectors (10) which are not used in a parked motor vehicle are used as acoustic transducers by means of an actuator (30, 40, 50). The acoustic transducers irradiate, for example, an ultrasonic signal with which animals are scared off.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for controlling a fuel injection apparatus, in particular a piezoelectric injector. Here, the fuel quantity which is injected into the combustion chamber is set by a mechanically actuable injector needle (1). Here, the injected fuel quantity depends on the pressure difference which can be set by the injector needle (1) between the spray-hole inlet and the spray-hole outlet.

Abstract: In a method and an apparatus which more accurately reach a predefined setpoint value of a combustion characteristic variable for an internal combustion engine (1) with an injection system (30), a first injection signal which triggers an injection of fuel into a combustion chamber (53) of the internal combustion engine (1) is generated using at least one injection signal parameter. A combustion signal which represents a combustion of the injected fuel is generated by a detector (40). The combustion characteristic variable is determined using the combustion signal. The injection signal parameter is corrected using a deviation of the combustion characteristic variable from a setpoint value, in such a way that the deviation of a second injection signal which is generated using the corrected injection parameter is reduced for an injection which is to be performed later.

Abstract: An injection valve (1) can be fitted into a cavity (4) of a cylinder head (5) of an internal combustion engine. The valve has at least one injection orifice (6) and a nozzle body (2) with a nozzle body shaft (8). The nozzle body shaft (8) has a coupling element (11), which projects radially from the nozzle body shaft (8) and when the injection valve (1) has been fitted, mechanically couples the nozzle body shaft (8) to the lateral area (10) of the cavity (8) of the cylinder head (5) in a radial direction.

Abstract: In a circuit arrangement (10a) for operating an injector arrangement (12a) for injecting fuel in an internal combustion engine of a motor vehicle, in order to obtain information easily as to the degree to which each valve is open when the injector arrangement is in operation, a measuring signal (S0) is superposed on a control voltage that is supplied to an actuator (Cpiezo, Rpiezo) and, based on an evaluation of the electrical properties of the actuator (Cpiezo, Rpiezo), a detection signal (S2) is produced that is representative of the position of the valve body (44a) relative to the valve seat (46a).

Abstract: A sprayable coating agent is disclosed in the form of granules with which the granules are compacted to form a pressed piece, subsequently ground up and optionally sieved, whereby the granules have the following particle-size distribution: 0%-40% by weight: 0-600 ?m; 5%-55% by weight: 600-1250 ?m; 5%-95% by weight: >1250 ?m; or 15% by weight: 0-800 ?m; 0%-85% by weight: 800-2000 ?m; 0%-15% by weight: >2000 ?m. Likewise disclosed are its production, further processing and use for internal and external applications.