Abstract: A transducer element for the detection of a transverse transition pressure of a shock wave includes a body that extends along a longitudinal axis and includes a nose portion and a measurement portion disposed adjacent the nose portion, which tapers along the longitudinal axis from the measurement portion until a nose end. The measurement portion contains at least three pressure transducers with respective pressure-sensitive pressure receiving surfaces arranged parallel to the longitudinal axis. The three pressure transducers are spaced apart from each other at a distance along the longitudinal axis. The transducer element is configured for determining the velocity and the acceleration of the shock wave.

Abstract: A piezoelectric transducer includes a transducer unit disposed within a watertight and gas-tight housing and having at least one piezoelectric element contacted by at least two electrodes. A signal lead-through is electrically connected to the electrodes and configured conducting polarization charges as signals from the piezoelectric element through the housing to an environment outside of the housing. A signal cable arranged outside of the housing includes at least two signal conductors. The signal lead-through includes a support element having at least two conducting paths in electrical contact with one of the signal conductors.

Abstract: A platform taper is formed in an optical chip. A light-transmitting medium is attached to the optical chip after forming the platform taper in the optical chip. An waveguide taper is formed in the light-transmitting medium such that the waveguide taper and the platform taper are aligned so as to form an optical taper on the optical device.

Abstract: A platform taper is formed in an optical chip. A light-transmitting medium is attached to the optical chip after forming the platform taper in the optical chip. An waveguide taper is formed in the light-transmitting medium such that the waveguide taper and the platform taper are aligned so as to form an optical taper on the optical device.