Abstract: Metasurfaces for polarimetric imaging are disclosed. The described devices are built to split and focus light to various pixels on an image sensor for different polarization bases. This allows for complete characterization of polarization by measuring the four Stokes parameters over the area of each superpixel, which corresponds to the area of the pixels on the image sensor.

Abstract: Provided is a focusing device that includes a substrate and a plurality of scatterers provided at both sides of the substrate. The scatterers on the both sides of the focusing device may correct geometric aberration, and thus, a field of view (FOV) of the focusing device may be widened.

Abstract: A spatial filtering apparatus includes a composite filter including first filter patterns respectively having a first phase profile, and second filter patterns respectively having a second phase profile, wherein the first filter patterns and the second filter patterns overlap with each other, wherein first light in a first polarization direction that is emitted on the composite filter is first spatially filtered by the first filter patterns, and wherein second light in a second polarization direction that is emitted on the composite filter is second spatially filtered by the second filter patterns.

Abstract: A spectrometer includes a substrate; a slit which is provided on the substrate and through which light is incident onto the substrate; a metasurface including nanostructures that is configured to reflect and focus the light incident thereon through the slit, at different angles based on respective wavelengths; and a sensor which is provided on one side of the substrate that is opposite to another side of the substrate at which the metasurface is disposed, and configured to receive the light from the metasurface.

Abstract: Methods to build multi-functional scattering structures while respecting tight requirements imposed by manufacturing processes are described. The described methods and devices are based on etching away wire networks embedded in 3D structures to form voids in order to perform a target function. Optimization algorithms for designing binarized devices that meet manufacturing requirements are also disclosed.

Abstract: A spectrometer includes a transparent substrate including a first surface and a second surface that face each other and are substantially parallel to each other; a slit provided on the first surface and through which light is incident onto the transparent substrate; a spectrum optical system including metasurface including a plurality of nanostructures that are two-dimensionally arranged and satisfy a sub-wavelength scattering condition, wherein the metasurface includes a focusing metasurface which includes first nanostructures of the plurality of nanostructures, and is configured to reflect, disperse, and focus the light incident thereon through the slit, at different angles based on respective wavelengths; and a sensor configured to receive the light from the focusing metasurface. When L is a total length of an optical path from the slit to the sensor and D is a thickness of the transparent substrate, L and D satisfy the following inequality: L/D>3.

Abstract: Methods and devices to split electromagnetic waves across broad bandwidths in correspondence with predefined polarization state vectors are disclosed. The described methods can be used cameras or image sensors measuring directly the polarization states of an incident electromagnetic waves. The devices include three-dimensional (3D) scattering structures made of dielectric pillars and using existing CMOS processes and direct write lithography techniques. Performance metrics based on the intensity and contrast of the split electromagnetic waves are also disclosed.

Abstract: An image sensor includes a substrate, thin lenses disposed on a first surface of the substrate and configured to concentrate lights incident on the first surface, and light-sensing cells disposed on a second surface of the substrate, the second surface facing the first surface, and the light-sensing cells being configured to sense lights passing through the thin lenses, and generate electrical signals based on the sensed lights. A first thin lens and second thin lens of the thin lenses are configured to concentrate a first light and a second light, respectively, of the incident lights onto the light-sensing cells, the first light having a different wavelength than the second light.

Abstract: Hyperspectal imagers including reflective and transmissive metasurfaces are disclosed. The described metasurfaces are used collectively to disperse and focus light of different wavelengths and incident angles on a focal plane. The disclosed devices are compact and light, and can be used in systems and applications requiring stringent form factors.

Abstract: A spectrometer includes a substrate; a slit which is provided on the substrate and through which light is incident onto the substrate; a metasurface including nanostructures that is configured to reflect and focus the light incident thereon through the slit, at different angles based on respective wavelengths; and a sensor which is provided on one side of the substrate that is opposite to another side of the substrate at which the metasurface is disposed, and configured to receive the light from the metasurface.

Abstract: An optical system and an image sensor including the same are provided. The optical system includes first, second, and third optical devices. At least one of the first, second, and third optical devices is a thin-lens including nanostructures.

Abstract: Systems and methods for providing a microwave-to-optical (M2O) transducer using magneto-optical field interactions with spin states of an ensemble of ions doped into a crystal structure is presented. According to one aspect, the crystal structure is a (171Yb3+:YVO) doped crystal structure that provides a substrate for an on-chip implementation of the transducer. According to one aspect, coupling of microwave and optical signals to the ions is based on respective microwave and optical waveguides fabricated in or on the doped crystal structure. According to another aspect, coupling of microwave and optical signals to the ions is based on respective microwave and optical resonant cavities fabricated in or on the doped crystal structure. Transduction can be based on either a three-level system with near-zero applied external magnetic field or on a four-level system with zero applied external magnetic field. The transducer can operate reversibly as an optical-to-microwave (O2M) transducer.

Abstract: An image sensor includes a substrate, thin lenses disposed on a first surface of the substrate and configured to concentrate lights incident on the first surface, and light-sensing cells disposed on a second surface of the substrate, the second surface facing the first surface, and the light-sensing cells being configured to sense lights passing through the thin lenses, and generate electrical signals based on the sensed lights. A first thin lens and second thin lens of the thin lenses are configured to concentrate a first light and a second light, respectively, of the incident lights onto the light-sensing cells, the first light having a different wavelength than the second light.

Abstract: Compact optical devices such as spectrometers are realized with metasurfaces within a dielectric medium confined by reflective surfaces. The metasurfaces control the phase profiles of the reflected electromagnetic waves within the device. In a compact spectrometer, the metasurfaces within the device separate the electromagnetic waves in different wavelengths. The metasurfaces are designed according to their phase profile by varying the size of the array of scatterers.

Abstract: An image sensor includes a substrate, a first thin lens configured to concentrate light of a first wavelength, and including a plurality of first scatterers disposed on the substrate. The plurality of first scatterers includes a material having a refractive index greater than a refractive index of the substrate. The image sensor further includes a plurality of light-sensing cells configured to sense the light concentrated by the first thin lens.

Abstract: An image sensor includes a substrate, thin lenses disposed on a first surface of the substrate and configured to concentrate lights incident on the first surface, and light-sensing cells disposed on a second surface of the substrate, the second surface facing the first surface, and the light-sensing cells being configured to sense lights passing through the thin lenses, and generate electrical signals based on the sensed lights. A first thin lens and second thin lens of the thin lenses are configured to concentrate a first light and a second light, respectively, of the incident lights onto the light-sensing cells, the first light having a different wavelength than the second light.

Abstract: Methods to build multi-functional scattering structures while respecting tight requirements imposed by manufacturing processes are described. The described methods and devices are based on etching away wire networks embedded in 3D structures to form voids in order to perform a target function. Optimization algorithms for designing binarized devices that meet manufacturing requirements are also disclosed.

Abstract: An optical system and an image sensor including the same are provided. The optical system includes first, second, and third optical devices. At least one of the first, second, and third optical devices is a thin-lens including nanostructures.

Abstract: Systems and methods for providing optical quantum communication networks based on rare-earth ion quantum bits (qubits) entrapped in solids are presented. According to one aspect a qubit is provided by an 171Yb3+ ion doped into a YVO crystal structure. A nanophotonic cavity fabricated in the doped crystal structure provides a zero-field energy level structure of the ion with optical transitions between ground and excited states at a wavelength longer than 980 nm. A subspace of the qubit is provided by two lower energy levels at the ground states separated by a microwave frequency of about 675 MHz. Addressing of the optical transitions is via first and second lasers and addressing of microwave transitions at the ground and excited states are via respective microwave sources. A single-shot readout sequence of the qubit based on two consecutive readout sequences on the optical transitions separated by a microwave pumping of the ground states is presented.

Abstract: An image sensor includes a first light sensor layer including light sensing cells configured to sense first light of an incident light and generate electrical signals based on the sensed first light, and a color filter array layer disposed on the first light sensor layer, and including color filters respectively facing the light sensing cells. The image sensor further includes a second light sensor layer disposed on the color filter array layer, and configured to sense second light of the incident light and generate an electrical signal based on the sensed second light. Each of the color filters includes a nanostructure including a first material having a first refractive index, and a second material having a second refractive index greater than the first refractive index, the first material and the second material being alternately disposed with a period.